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217 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
European Music traditionally does not have tonality and harmony
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False
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European Music often uses symmetrical forms (especially more popular styles), generally based on 4- and 8-bar groupings.
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True
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African Music is rhythmically complex, often avoiding symmetrical groupings and patterns
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True
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African Music does not have a strong metronomic sense.
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False
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_______ Music embellishes vocal lines with falsetto, vocables, and other techniques, does not use tonality and harmony (but can be melodically modal or pentationic), often consists of melodic parts (sung or played) accompanied by numerous percussion instruments.
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African
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In what ways was ragtime fresh and innovative?
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syncopation became the norm rather than the exception
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Ragtime was upbeat and sassy, while much other popular music of the time was sentimental
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True
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The vocal embellishments in the Blues are derived from:
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The African Tradition
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The Blues scale is possibly a European adaptation of the African major scale.
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False
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What are the important differences between blues and ragtime?
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Ragtime is more instrumental and blues more vocal.
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Ragtime owes its harmony, tonality and instrumentation to this culture.
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European
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Ragtime owes its constant syncopation to this culture.
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African
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How did ragtime contribute to the formation of early jazz?
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Sectionalized march form and a lively "improvised character"
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How did blues contribute to the formation of early jazz?
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expressivity and dep emotional projection
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Ragtime is a distinct genre and different from jazz because:
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In general it was non-improvisatory and it was syncopated, but the fundamental pulse continues to occur on beats 1 and 3.
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The first great jazz musicians were from New Orleans and disseminated the style throughout the country.
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True.
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Only New Orleans msicians were taking liberties with ragtime music
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False
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Regional jazz styles, such as Harlem stridd, developed without benefit of significant input from New Orleans musicians.
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True
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Which of these influential musicians was not from New Orleans? Joe Oliver, Bix Beiderbecke, Sidney Bechet, Baby Dodds.
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Bix Beiderbecke
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How did recording influence the early history of jazz?
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Recordings allowed the music to be copied by upcoming musicians; hence they allowed jazz to spread rapidly throughout the country and the world.
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King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, the first important black jazz group, achieved its success in this city in the early 1920's:
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Chicago.
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Name a key stylistic component of the early New Orleans jazz ensemble as typified by King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band?
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basis in ragtime form (16-bar strains) and the blues
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This erson was the first great Jazz Ex-Patriot:
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Sidney Bechet
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Throughout his career, Louis Armstrong continued to develop stylistically. He would ultimately abandon New Orleans and Swing style for Be Bop and Cool:
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False
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With which important band did Beiderbecke perform?
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The Wolverines (Wolverine Orchestra)
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In general terms, Jazz is a combination of these two musical cultures:
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Europe and Africa
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The most important element of Jazz:
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improvisation
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Jazz is easily understood and is extremely popular
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False
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Jazz by definition is concrete and is not subject to various interpretations
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False
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The piano/guitar/banjo supply the harmony in a rhythmic manner called:
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comping
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The bass player performs liner lines and is the foundation of the harmony called:
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walking
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The drummer suplies this esential element along with coloristics qualities.
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time
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The definition of improvisation is best described as
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spontaneous composition
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What is the total number of bars in a standard AABA form?
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32
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In an AABA form the B section is also called the
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bridge
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When trading 4's or 8's, etc. the form of the music
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continues throughout
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Stop-time refers to
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everyone stops playing, but a soloist continues
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A ____ record was a recording, usually of jazz or blues that was typically performed by and marketed to Afican Americans.
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Race
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These two beats are emphasized in jazz
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2 and 4
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_____ are a segment of New Orleans society that were of mixed black and white ancestry. Until the late 19th century, they enjoyed more freedom and were better educated than the general black population. Musicians from this group generally had classical training and could read musical scores.
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Creoles
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Construct a basic 12 bar blues using Roman numerals.
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I I I I
IV IV I I V V I I |
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This pianist soloed in a horn-like manner. His imporvisations were influenced by the great Louis Armstrong. He even mirrored Armstrong's vibrato by employing octave tremelos on the piano.
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Earl Hines
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This person is considered one of the greatest Blues singers. This person's influence transcends the Blues and is apparent in the vocal stylings of all popular musical styles.
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Bessie Smith
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In the clasic Blues form, the first lyric stanza is typically repeated.
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True
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______ was a popular form of entertainment from approximately 1845-1900. It consisted of a hodgepodge of songs, comic sketches, dances and melodrama. It frequently drew upon the negative stereotypes of the African-American culture.
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Minstrelsy
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_____ Laws were punitive laws that limited the fredoms of African-Americans. Its name was derived from a popular tune that was frequently performed in minstrelsy shows
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Jim Crow
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____ wasthe Red-Light district in New Orleans. This was the place were many Jazz musicians worked and began to develop their art. This section of New Orleans was "cleaned-up" following WW1.
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Storyville
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New Orleans is considered the birth place of Jazz
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True
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New Orleans was an extremely conservative city
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False.
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What European culture is most noticeable in New Orleans.
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France
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Slaves who were brought to the New World retained their native cultures, religions, and musical instruments
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False
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Syncopation means
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emphasis on the weak beats
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Ragtime is not considered Jazz in the strict sense because
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it is non-improvisatory
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The most prolific composer of Ragtime
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Scott Joplin
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The form of Ragtime is derived from
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the march
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Early Jazz differed from Ragtime in that
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improvisation was used and the feel was looser
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Although Jazz has its birth place in another city, the music culminated in this city:
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Chicago
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This band made the first Jazz recording:
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The Original Dixieland Jazz Band
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This person helped to bridge the gap between Ragtime and Jazz
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Jelly Roll Morton
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King Joe Oliver is most famous for giving this young musician his first important gig:
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Louis Armstrong
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This person is considered the first great Jazz Composer
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Jelly Roll Morton
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This trumpet player was one of two influential performers on the instrument during the Early Jazz era. His sound was warm and his improvisations were reflective.
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Bix Beiderbecke
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This trumpet player was one of two influential performers on the instrument during the Early Jazz era. His sound was brilliant, his technique was unsurpassed and he was the model tha most future Jazz musicians followed
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Louis Armstrong
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Performing the entire form of a composition is called
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a chorus
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Louis Armstrong was also an influential Jazz:
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singer
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The most influential clarinetist/soprano saxophonist of the Early Jazz era
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Sidney Bechet
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This person is considered by many to be the first jazz improviser. He is also credited with creating the rollicking march feel sometimes known as the "Big 4"
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Buddy Bolden
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The effects in Jazz (smears, glissandos, blue notes, growls) were derived from this musical tradition
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West African
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This person is considered the Father of Stride Piano
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James P Johnson
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The concept of swing was systemized and codified by the mid-1920's. This enabled all jazz players to swing the same way.
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False
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The area surrounding West Twenty-Eighth Street in Manhattan was the center of the sheet music industry. Many great musicians such as George Gershwin and Fletcher Henderson got their start as song pluggers in this incredibly vibrant area.
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Tin Pan Alley
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Louis Armstrong left Chicago to perform in this Big Band
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Fletcher Henderson
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During the Harlem Renaissance, high culture and artistic accomplishment were no longer thought to be off-limits to African Americans.
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True
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What New York leaders and/or arrangers contributed to the foundations of big-band style in the 1920's?
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Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington
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What were some of the stylistic features of 1920's big bang writing?
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gradual shift to smoother 4/4 feel of rhythm, increasing size of the bands through the 1920's, and growing importance of the saxophone.
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Describe Duke Ellington's early career:
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Born in Washington and led an ensemble called the Washingtonians. His breakthough occcured in 1927 when he was hired at the famed Harlem night spot, The Cotton Club.
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What were some of the characteristics of Ellington's music that distinguished his works from those of the other big bands?
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unusual instrument combinations, with pieces that drew upon the individual skills of him musicians.
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Antiphonal (call-and-response) writing between the sections of the Big Band becomes the norm during the Swing Era
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True
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In a Big Band, the lead player
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occupies the first chair in a section
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In a Big Band, the jazz chair:
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is hired specifically for imporvisational fluency
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In a Big Band, the sideman:
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is a section player and is not a featured soloist
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Jay McShann, Benny Moten and Alfonso Trent led important _________ in the Mid and South West United States
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Territory bands
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The Blues was not an integral component of the Kansas City jazz style.
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False
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As opposed to the arranged New york City big-band style of the 1920s, the Kansas City sound was
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looser, based on riffs, and often consisted of head arrangements
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________ band was looser and had a more relaxed swing feeling.
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Basie
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________ was a composer who played piano but he really used the band as his expressive instrument.
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Ellington
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Many compositions have been written on the chord pregression to this tune by George Gershwin:
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I Got Rhythm
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How did Lester Young's style on tenore saxophone differ from that of Coleman Hawkins?
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Hawkins was more vertical and place emphasis on articulating chord changes while Young was more horizontal and seemingly flowated above the harmonies.
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Billie Holiday was a vocalist who
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was intensely expressive and did not scat sing
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Ella Fitzgerald was a vocalist who:
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started singing with the Chick Webb band and was a superb scat singer
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The replacement of an expected or normal chord or chord progression with a different and sometimes more unusual chord or chord progression is called:
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harmonic substitution
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Gene Krupa was an influential
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drummer
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This person revolutionized bass playing during his brief tenure with Duke Ellington
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Jimmy Blanton
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This person served as Benny Goodman's pianist from 1936-1939. His crystalline touch and refined elegance showed an almost classical restraint.
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Teddy Wilson
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This person is often considered the link between trumpet greats Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie
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Roy Eldridge.
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Saxophones were more common in the Swing Era than in Early Jazz
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True
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Collective Improvisation became the norm with the onset of Big Bands
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False
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The great flowering of African-American culture that occured in 1920's New York was known as
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Harlem Renaissance
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He was one of the first influential Big Band composer/arranger/bandleaders. He had a long lasting relationship with Benny Goodman.
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Fletcher Henderson
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This person was the most influential singer during the swing era. She regularly collaborated with Lester Young.
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Billie Holiday
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Count Basie spent his formative years and developed his style in this great city.
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Kansas City
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This person was one of the most influential Tenor players in the history of Jazz. He was the featured soloist with the Fletcher Henderson Band. He is often described as a Harmonic or Vertical soloist.
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Coleman Hawkins
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This person was one of the most influential Tenor players in the history of Jazz. He was the featured soloist with the Count Basie Band. He is often described as a Melodic or Linear soloist.
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Lester Young
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This person was one of the most influential trumpet players of the 1930's, he is considered the link between Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie
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Roy Eldridge
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Relaxed Hard-Driving Swing would best describe
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Count Basie's Band
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This person is considered the most important compsoser/arranger in Jazz History, composing over 2000 compositions.
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Duke Ellington
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A simple melodic idea, used repetitively to create a tune, normally used over a Blues or Rhythm Changes
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riff
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The rhythm section of this band influenced the rhythm sections of the 1940s and 1950s.
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Count Basie
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This person is often called the most spontaneous, creative and virtuosic Jazz pianist of all time. Both Jazz and Classical Musicians alike marveled at his technique.
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Art Tatum
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This saxophnoist was the featured alto player with Duke Ellington. His solo's and sound were incredibly stylized and individual.
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Johnny Hodges
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This guitar player was brought up playing in a European Gypsy style and went on to become one of the two great early Jazz guitarists
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Django Reinhardt
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This person had a long career collaborating as a composer and arranger with Duke Ellington. Their styles were so similar that it was often difficult to discern the orginator of a particular composition.
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Billy Strayhorn
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Cotton Tail was in this style:
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Swinging
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Caravan was in this style:
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Exotic
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Sophisticated Lady was in this style:
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Ballad
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Transblucency was in this style
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Impressionistic
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The Suites were in this style:
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Concert
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Concerto for Cootie was in this style:
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Concerto
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23rd Psalm was in this style:
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Sacred
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This drummer was a member of the "All American Rhythm Section." He was tremendously important in pointing the way toward medern Be Bop drumming.
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Jo Jones.
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This member of the "All American Rhythm Section" developed a guitar style that consists of a swinging four to the bar comping style.
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Freddie Green
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Duke Ellington's bassist Jimmy Blanton revolutionized the traditional concept of the bass players role by
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playing meody lines by himself and with the ensemble
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Count Basie was influenced y this piano player/entertainer
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Fats Waller
|
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Duke ellington typically comped
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in the mid to low register
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Count Basie typically comped
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in the mid to high register
|
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Sectional voicing refers to:
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each section of an ensemble performing an independent part
|
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Benny Goodman's influential pianist:
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Teddy Wilson
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Benny Goodman's influential guitarist:
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Charlie Christian
|
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Benny Goodman's influential vibraphonist
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Lionel Hampton
|
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This person was one of the influential Tenore sacophonists of the Swing Era. He was the featured Tenor player with Duke Ellington's band
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Ben Webster
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This person was a master plunger mute trumpet solosit. He was a member of the early Duke Ellington band.
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Bubber Miley
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This person began their career singing with the Tommy Dorsey Band. Incredibly gifted at phrasing melody and interpreting text, this person is considered one of the great vocal icons of the 20th century.
|
Frank Sinatra
|
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This person was considered by many to be the most outstanding non-operatic singer in the 20th century. She was also the leading practitioner of scat singing.
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Ella Fitzgerald
|
|
Stan Kenton's orchestra was noted for:
|
Concert jazz performances
|
|
Cross-Section voicing refers to
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Instruments from different sections performing together.
|
|
This person was an influential alto saxophonist, composer, and arranger. He is considere a great swing stylist whose artistry continues to eveolve over an eight decade career.
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Benny Carter
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This person's 1939 interpretation of Body and Soul is considered one of the most important recordings in jazz history.
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Coleman Hawkins
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This person was an influential clarient player who was dubbed the King of Swing.
|
Benny Goodman
|
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This Tin Pan Alley composer penned many of the compostiions in the jazz repertoire. He is the author of the most recomposed piece in jazz history, I Got Rhythm
|
George Gershwin
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This person succeeded Bubber Miley on the Duke Ellington band. He is considered a master plunger mute soloist.
|
Cootie Williams
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This person was Count Basie's original vocalist. He was known for "shouting" the blues.
|
Jimmy Rushing
|
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This person anchored Count Basies's "All American Rhythm Section on the bass:
|
Walter Page
|
|
Nat "King" Cole was an influential
|
pianist
|
|
Gene Krupa was an influential
|
drummer
|
|
Unfortunately, bands during the swing era were typically divided along racial lines
|
True
|
|
What are some of the differences between bebop and swing?
|
Bebop utilized more rhythmic angularity and irregular phrasing of the melodic lines and in bebop there was less emphasis on elaborate arrangements and more on virtuosic imporvisational skill.
|
|
Bebop players and listeners often rejected conformist mainstream American values:
|
True
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During the Bebop period, the bass:
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typically contributed linear walking patterns
|
|
During the Bebop period, the drums,
|
dropped bombs and typically kept time on the ride cymbal
|
|
During the bebop period the use of upper-extension harmonies (ninths, elevenths, thirteenths, and their alterations) decreased.
|
False
|
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Jazz reached its zenith of popularity during the bebop period.
|
False
|
|
__________ referes to the bop practice of inserting different chords into the fundamental chord structure of a well-known song to freshen the interpretation and expand the harmoic options for the soloist
|
reharmonization
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A ________ is a new melody composed to fit the harmoinc and formal structure of a previously composed popular song.
|
contrafact
|
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This area of New York became the center of jazz during the bebop period:
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West 52nd Street
|
|
Charlie Parker began his career with this Kansas City territory band.
|
Jay McShann
|
|
Charlie Parker established and codified the bebop musical language through:
|
a high degree of effortless virtuostiy, a use of formulas (licks) and musical quotations, and composing a number of bebop standards.
|
|
Dizzy Gilespie:
|
was an enthusiastic mentor and teacher of the new music and its harmonic language and was interested in Afro-Cuban music
|
|
Thelonious Monk:
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Used metric displaement in his compositions and improvisations and often utilized the whole tone scale in his improvisations.
|
|
It is appropriate to regard bebop as the beginning of modern jazz. Why?
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reliance on solo improvisational skill rather than melody and arrangement
|
|
Miles Davis, the Modern Jazz Quartet and Lennie Tristano are often associated with this style of music:
|
Cool
|
|
Gunther Schuller and George Russell were great prponents of this style of music:
|
Third Stream
|
|
Art Blakey, Horace Silver and Max Roach were great proponents of this musical style:
|
hard bop
|
|
Shelly Manne, Andre Previn, and Chico Hamilton are often associated with this style of music.
|
West Coast
|
|
This style employed a greater relance on imporvisation over 32-bar forms, straight-ahead swing and the use of blue note effects and blues riffs. The rhythm sections were often louder and more driving while the solists tilized hard edged bebop-like lines.
|
Hard bop
|
|
This style derived many features from the European classical tradition. The composers and performers consciously attempted to create a new musical aesthetic.
|
third stream
|
|
This style typically emphasized restraint, lyricism, the use of musical space, counterpoint, and dynamic range.
|
cool
|
|
The technique of setting lyrics to an existing instrumental jazz solo is known as:
|
vocalese
|
|
This tenor giant recorded is ground breaking album Saxophone Colossus in 1956
|
Sonny Rollins
|
|
The Bossa Nova is a musical style developed in this country
|
Brazil
|
|
Many of the influential West Coast jazz musicians were members of this big band.
|
Stan Kenton
|
|
Tenor player in 1950's Miles Davis Quintet
|
John Coltrane
|
|
Piano player in 1950's Miles Davis Quintet
|
Red Garland
|
|
Bass player in 1950's Miles Davis Quintet
|
Paul Chambers
|
|
Drummer in 1950's Miles Davis Quintet
|
"Philly" Joe Jones
|
|
Tenor player in 1960's Miles Davis Quintet
|
Wayne Shorter
|
|
Piano player in 1960's Miles Davis Quintet
|
Herbie Hancock
|
|
Bass player in 1960's Miles Davis Quintet
|
Ron Carter
|
|
Drummer in 1960's Miles Davis Quintet
|
Tony Williams
|
|
Piano player in John Coltrane Quartet
|
McCoy Tyner
|
|
Bass player in John Coltrane Quartet
|
Jimmy Garrison
|
|
Drummer in John Coltrane Quartet
|
Elvin Jones
|
|
1949 Miles Davis Album, gave rise to?
|
Birth of the Cool, bebop
|
|
1959 Miles Davis Album, gave rise to?
|
Kind of Blue, Modal
|
|
1969 Miles Davis Album, gave rise to?
|
******* Brew, Fusion
|
|
Bop differed from the Swing Era in that
|
More jagged/angular lines were used.
|
|
Tempos were generally Faster in Swing than in Bop
|
False
|
|
Harmonic progressions tended to be more sophisticated in Bopthan in Swing
|
True
|
|
The Saxophonist most commonly associated with Bop
|
Charlie Parker
|
|
The Trumpeter most commonly associated with Bop
|
Dizzy Gillespie
|
|
This eccentric pianist/composer is known for his jagged/angular melodies and difficult unorthodox chord changes
|
Thelonious Monk
|
|
This pianist is considered the first great modern Jazz pianist and is responsible for reducing teh comping activity of the left hand.
|
Bud Powell
|
|
Time Out was an important album by this jazz pianist. It incorporated meters typically not associated with jazz.
|
Dave Brubeck
|
|
Dexter Gordon played this instrument
|
Tenor Sax
|
|
Drums were generally more active in Swing than in Bop
|
False
|
|
This was the Birthplace and home of Bebop
|
New York
|
|
This pianist created a unique style that served as an alternative to Bebop. Primarily linear in design, this style was extremely complex and rooted in the style of Bach and Lester Young.
|
Lennie Tristano
|
|
Bebop is primarly a _______ music.
|
Vertical
|
|
The west coast became synonymous with this style of playing
|
Cool
|
|
Dizzy Gillespie led a Bebop Big Band
|
True
|
|
A common technique of composition during the Bebop period was
|
to write a new melody over a "standard tunes" chord progression
|
|
"Extensions" refer to:
|
Extended harmony tones
|
|
This person was the most important Hard Bop drummer. He also mentored man of the great young jazz players in his ensemble, the Jazz Messengers.
|
Art Blakey
|
|
This person was an extremely influential piano player/composer/band leader of the Hard Bop period.
|
Horace Silver.
|
|
Along with John Coltrane, this saxophonist was one of the great tenor forces of teh 1950's and 1960's. His album Saxophone Colossus is considered one of the great jazz recordings.
|
Sonny Rollins
|
|
Hard Bop differed from Bebop in that there was more emphasis on:
|
blues, blue note effects, and groove.
|
|
Wayne Shorter is also an extremely important composer.
|
True
|
|
McCoy Tyner popularized voicing chords in:
|
4ths
|
|
This composer and arranger had a long and successful association with Miles Davis.
|
Gil Evans
|
|
This tenor player was influenced by Lester Young. He was a member of the Woddy Herman Band and introduced the US to the Brazilian Bossa Nova.
|
Stan Getz
|
|
This introspective and melodic trumpet player had a very important quartet with Gerry Mulligan.
|
Chet Baker
|
|
Gerry Mulligan played
|
Barry Sax
|
|
Clifford Brown was a technically gifted:
|
trumpet player
|
|
This drummer was noted for his melodic touch and musical phrasing. He co-led an important quintet with Clifford Brown.
|
Max Roach
|
|
This person single handedly invented Bebop trombone playing
|
J.J. Johnson
|
|
Giant Steps is:
|
an intensely harmonic tune
|
|
A Love Supreme is:
|
an intensely personal, spiritual, transcendent, and musically influential album.
|
|
Fusion is the combination of
|
Jazz and Rock
|