Symptoms And Etiology Of Diseases

Symptoms: fever, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, body aches, fatigue, headaches. Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting.

Etiology: caused by mixture of viruses typically found in pigs, birds and humans.

Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps. Sometimes asymptomatic. Hemolytic uremic syndrome can occur.

Etiology: bacterium can be ingested by eating undercooked, contaminated food/milk/juice. Also swallowing contaminated water (lakes, ponds).

Symptoms: STAGE 1- erythromycin chronicum migrans (ECM) - sometimes resembles bull's eye, fatigue, headache, fever, chills, stiff neck, joint/muscle pain. STAGE 2- central nervous system problems (facial palsy, meningitis, nerve damage). STAGE 3 - chronic arthritis & continuing neurological problems.

Etiology: Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete/bacterium). Saliva of tick injected into bloodstream or fecal material on skin.

Symptoms: fever, headache, discomfort, body aches. Severe forms: dry cough, trouble breathing, pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome.

Etiology: caused by touching infected skin or object with the coronavirus, then touching face. Most cases traveled outside US.

Symptoms: fever, cough, shortness of breath. 30% of confirmed cases have died.

Etiology: caused by coronavirus linked to Arabian Peninsula, perhaps came from camels or bats.

Symptoms: CUTANEOUS FORM: first raised itchy bump (can be mistaken for bug bite) that quickly develops into vesicle (painless ulcer). INHALATION FORM: resembles cold with sore throat, mild fever, muscle aches and malaise. Severe breathing problems and shock can occur. INTESTINAL FORM: acute inflammation of intestinal tract, nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea.

Etiology: exposure to infected animals or tissue, or by direct exposure to bacterium Barilla anthracis. Inhaling the bacteria. Eating infected meat.

Symptoms: blurred/double vision, slurred speech, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness. Muscle weakness progresses to paralyze arms and legs. Death occurs when respiratory muscles become paralyzed.

Etiology: caused by Clostridium botulinum (rod-shaped bacterium). Ingested in contaminated food. Wound infected. Infected infant (most cases).

Symptoms: fever, weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, pneumonia. Sometimes bloody or watery sputum, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Etiology: Bacterium Yersinia pestis found in fleas of rodents. Bubonic: infected from flea bite. Pneumonic: infected by inhaling.

Symptoms: early - fever, quick onset of chills, headache, backache, severe malaise, vomiting. Soon after skin lesions- papular to vesicular to pustular. Pustules rupture, form scabs, leaving permanent pitted scars. Then sore throat and cough.

Etiology: variola poxvirus. Spreads through inhaling droplets in air, touching infected scabs, or touching infected linens/objects.

Symptoms: fever, cough, shortness of breath, chills, malaise, muscle aches, fatigue.

Etiology: Francisella tularensis (rod shaped bacterium). Skin or mucous membranes contact w/ infected animals. Bitten by infected insect (ticks, deer flies, mosquitoes). Inhaling contaminated dusts. Ingesting contaminated food/water.

Symptoms: high fever, fatigue, muscle aches, dizziness. Sometimes bleeding under the skin, from mouth, eyes and ears. Severe cases - kidney failure, shock, coma, seizures.

Etiology: viruses come from certain animals (mice and rats) and insects (ticks and mosquitoes). Infection when coming in contact with infected hosts.

Symptoms: mild - fever, headache, body aches, skin rash, swollen lymph glands. Severe - mild symptoms + stupor, disorientation, tremors, convulsions, coma, paralysis. 80% of infected show no symptoms.

Etiology: infected mosquito bite.

Symptoms: gradual onset. Nasal congestion, pharyngitis, headache, malaise, burning and watery eyes, low-grade fever, sometimes productive or non-productive cough. Complications rare.

Etiology: hundreds of viruses (rhinovirus most common). Transmitted through air-borne respiratory droplets. Or touching infected people or objects.

Symptoms: abrupt onset, fever, chills, croup (children), malaise, muscle aches, headache, nasal congestion, laryngitis, cough.

Etiology: viruses in Orthomyxoviridae family. Types A and B cause seasonal epidemics. Type C very mild. Quickly mutate and create new strains. Transmitted through cough/sneeze/personal contact with infected person.

Symptoms: WOUND is painful, reddened, swollen, warm to touch. If skin infection spreads to lungs causes pneumonia. If spreads to bloodstream causes systemic symptoms.

Etiology: close or direct contact with bacteria infected individuals. Does not spread through air. Indirect contact with infected objects.

Symptoms: fever/chills, sore throat, painful lymph nodes, muscle weakness, muscle discomfort/malaise, athralgia/joint pain, neuropsychological symptoms (forgetfulness, blindspot in visual field/scotomata, irritability, confusion etc), sleep disturbance.

Etiology: most likely multifactorial. Different viruses are suspected. State of immune system, genes, age, hormonal imbalance, sex, environment, and previous illness may all contribute.

Symptoms: Lymphadenopathy (enlargement of lymph nodes), weight loss, fever, fatigue, neurological symptoms, malignancy (cancerous tumor). Pulmonary (lungs), gastrointestinal, neurological, chronic illness.

Etiology: intimate contact resulting in exchange of fluids of infected person (semen, blood, blood products, shares needles). Babies in utero, or during birth, or through breastmilk. Retrovirus infects T-4 lymphocytes, replicating until destroying lymphocyte, weakening immune system.

Symptoms: diarrhea (sometimes bloody), vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramping. Sometimes low grade fever. Severe- dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, kidney failure.

Etiology: caused by rotaviruses and bacteria and parasitic diseases. Bacterias include E. Coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, Camplobacter, Yersinia species. Parasites - Giardia, Cryptosporidium. Transmitted oral-fecal route (possibly air-borne). Too much pathogen - more than able to handle.

Symptoms: gradual onset. Initial symptoms- rhinitis, cough, cold or coryza, drowsiness, anorexia, slow rise in temperature. Small red dots with bluish white center in middle (Koplik) appear on oral mucosa 2nd/3rd day. Phototobia and cough soon follow. Very high fever and characteristic rash by about 4th day. Discolored spots called macules, raised areas of skin called papules. Rapidly enlarge and spread.

Etiology: Morbillivirus rubeola virus, direct contact with infectious droplets and sometimes through the air.

Symptoms: malaise, sore throat, headache, slight fever, rash beginning on face and spreading rapidly to other parts of body (skin may itch or peel).

Etiology: rubella virus (not as contagious as rubeola)

Symptoms: unilateral or bilateral swollen parotid (salivary) glands near jaw joint on cheek. Headache, malaise, fever, earache. Other salivary glands may swell.

Etiology: mumps paramyxovirus. Spread through saliva or air-borne.

Symptoms: pruritic rash, beginning with erythematous macules to papules, to clear vesicles, then scab (all stages of rash can be seen at once). Sometimes anorexia, malaise and fever too.

Etiology: varicella-zoster virus (a herpesvirus). Spread through respiratory secretions or direct contact.

Symptoms: predominantly in children. Low-grade fever, coldlike symptoms, "slapped cheek" facial rash, circumoral pallor (pale around mouth), symmetric lacy rash on trunk and limbs. Rash recurs from sun, heat, stress, or exercise.

Etiology: caused by human parvovirus B19 spread through respiratory secretions and direct contact. Possibly through therapy with clotting factor concentrate.

Symptoms: Catarrhal stage- gradual onset of coldlike symptoms - mild fever, dry cough, irritable, anorexia. Paroxysmal stage- coughing followed by strained inspiration (inhale) when stridor is heard. Weight loss, dehydration, vomiting, epistaxis (nosebleed) and hypoxia (low oxygen in tissues).

Etiology: most cases caused by Bordetella pertussis bacterium. Transmits through any discharge of infected person. Induces mucopurulent secretion, hampering natural ability to clear secretions. Mucus accumulates in airways, obstructing airflow.

Symptoms: typically- slight headache, malaise, mild fever. May be strong foul odor to the breath. Bluish skin color. Bloody, watery nasal drainage. Breathing problems.

Etiology: Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Transmits through contact with discharge from nose/throat/eye/skin lesions. Most strains release highly potential toxin capable of damaging heart, kidneys, peripheral nerves.

Symptoms: gradual or abrupt onset. Jaw stiffness. Weakening of esophageal muscles, and some neck muscles are first signs. Then lockjaw, voice altered, facial muscles contract. Finally, muscles of back and extremities become rigid or severe convulsive muscle spasms accompanied by high fever, profuse sweating, tachycardia, dysphagia and intense pain.

Etiology: Clostridium tetani, bacterium found in soil. Enters wound, spores produces powerful toxin that attacks central nervous system - produces contractions of voluntary muscles.