Syntax

- sentence element

-some of WH elements, pronoun, noun, numeral

-is a tool developed for description and systematization of semantic relationships, specially collocation and derivation between particular lexical units

Present->přítomnost, dárek...

- also "focus" or "comment"

- in canonical SV(SVOMPT) structure in English sentence positions of rheme is behind the theme;

Tom likes this movie.

- smallest miningfull connection; basic unit of syntax;

=skladební dvojíce

-Yes/No questions

-rising intonation

-speaker require from the listener confirmation or denial of the contents validity

- expected answer is "yes" or "no"

- also "topic" or "background"

- in canonical SV structure of typical English sentence theme has the position of subject

Tom likes this movie.

"WH question"

-folling intonation

-speaker require some additional information from the listener

-asking for something, what is missing

WH words are syntactic nouns in this sentense

-two or more parts of phrase that are different parts of speech and, when combined, form another part of speech, different from all of the parts

At school

-correct way to put words together, to make sentence; principals and proceses by wich sentences are constructed

- changing of the word order (SVOMPT)

-the most typical one is Subject-Auxiliary inversion

- this type of inversion is typical for:formation of questions; formation of conditional clauses and negative inversion

-is used in supplements

-is a construction that contains a head (which is obligatory element in the construction) and one or more optional elements subordinate to the head

Three little pigs.

1) mění se slovosled - the word order is changed (inversion)

-is some verbto which is possible to add modifier NOT in negation, also can stand before the subject in question

To be, can, will...

- in the function of subject is interrogative pronoun,no inversion, no auxilliary

He saw me. Who saw you?

-inversion

I see him.

Who do you see.

- partial inversion is where a verb and auxiliary verb are inverted

I have never seen such awful behaviour.

Never have I seen such awful behaviour.

-In full inversion the subject follows the main verb

Here comes the rain again.

(Here is the rain coming again)

-a grammatical structure of verbs, used to signal modality

Imperative

Indicative

Subjunctive

Conditional

-used to form command or requests

-irrealis mood

1st - Pls be quite

In polite speech:

Could you

It would be great...

-realis mood

-is used in ordinary statements: stating a fact, expressing opinion, asking a question...

-irrealis

-is the verb form used to express a wish, a suggestion, a command, or a condition that is contrary to fact

I suggests that he study.

-irrealis

-speak of an event whose realisation is dependent upon another condition

If I need money I go to bank.

If it rains, we will go home.

If I were you, I would be happy.

Ih i had knew it, i would have bought that book.

-simple= sentence with only one main cluase

I´m running

-compound = a sentence that containts at least two independent clauses

I don´t like him and he don´t like me.

complex sentese = a sentence that contains anindependent clause and at least one dependent clause

She did my homework, while her father cooked dinner.