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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are?
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hormones |
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Which of the following statements is true of the endocrine system? a. The cells secreting the chemical messengers are called neurons b. The distance traveled by the chemical messengers is short c. It's effects are slow to appear, yet long-lasting d. None of the above |
c. It's effects are slow to appear, yet long-lasting
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Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? a. pineal b. placenta c. parathyroid d. intestines |
d. intestines
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The neuroendocrine system performs all of the following functions except?
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conduction
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The many hormones secreted by endocrine tissues can be classified simply as?
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steroid or non-steroid hormones
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Non-steroid hormones include? a. proteins b. peptides c. glycoproteins d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Anabolic hormones?
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stimulate anabolism in their target cells
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The second messenger often involved in non- steroid hormone action is?
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cAMP
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The control of hormone secretion is? a. usually part of a negative feedback loop. b. rarely part of a positive feedback loop c. both a and b d. non of the above |
c. both a and b
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When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called? |
permissiveness
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Eicosanoids are referred to as?
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tissue hormones
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Which of the following is false? a. Eicosanoids tend to intergrade activities of neighboring cells b. The first prostaglandin was discovered in semen c. Aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis d. PGF's have been used to induce labor and accelerate delivery of a baby |
c. Aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis
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If norepinephrine diffuses into the blood and then binds to an adrenergic receptor in a distant target cell, it is known as a?
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hormone
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All steroid hormones are derived from which common molecule? |
cholestoral
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a. ADH b. oxytocin c. MSH d. testosterone |
d. testosterone
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Combinations of hormones will have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone. This phenomenon is called?
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synergism |
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The target cell concept is an example of the _____ model of chemical reactions?
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lock-and-key
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The pituitary is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called? |
infundibulum |
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The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is called the ? |
hypophyseal portal system
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What links the nervous system with the endocrine system?
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hypothalamus |
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Hypersecretion of prolactin can cause? |
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Psychosomatic and somatopsychic relationships between human body systems and the brain are?
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a real phenomenon |
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Which thyroid hormone is released in greatest quantity?
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T4
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The principal thyroid hormone is?
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triiodothyronine |
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The two lobes of the thyroid are connected by the?
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isthmus |
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High blood calcium levels can cause all of the following except? a. constipation b. muscle spasm c. lethargy d. coma |
b. muscle spasm |
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PTH increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating?
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vitamin D |
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Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adrenal cortex? |
epinephrine |
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a. aldosterone b. angiotensin II c. renin d. angiotensin I |
a. aldosterone |
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Glucagon function to?
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increase blood glucose concentration
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Insulin functions to?
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decrease blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids |
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The major hormones produced by the corpus luteum is?
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progesterone |
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Testosterone is produced by? |
interstitial cells |
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The hormone that can be detected during the early part of a women's pregnancy with an over the counter kit is?
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hCG
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What does the outer zone of the adrenal cortex secrete?
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mineralocorticoids |
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From what condition does diabetes insipidus result? |
low antidiuretic hormone levels
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Which of the following statements is true regarding a young child whose growth is stunted, metabolism is low, sexual development is delayed, and mental development is retarded? a. the child may suffer from cretinism b. the child may have an underactive thyroid c. profound manifestations of the described condition may result in deformed dwarfism d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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what can result when too much growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland? a. hyperglycemia b. a pituitary giant c. both a and b d. none of the above |
c. both a and b |
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What gland is not regulated by the pituitary?
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thymus |
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a. it is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary b. it causes diabetes insipidus when produced in insufficient amounts c. it decreases urine volume d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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what controls development of the body's immune system?
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thymus
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administration of which of the following would best treat a person suffering from rheumatoid arthritis?
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glucocorticoids
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what endocrine gland is composed of cell clusters called the islets of Langerhans?
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androgens |
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The composition of blood is? |
55% plasma and 45% formed elements |
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A hematocrit of 45% means that in every 100mL of whole blood?
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there are 45% of red blood cells and 55mL of plasma |
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Reduced red blood cell numbers cause?
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anemia
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a. leukocytes b. erythrocytes c. thrombocytes d. monocytes |
b. erythrocytes
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All formed elements arise from which stem cell?
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hemocytoblasts |
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A person with antibody A in his blood plasma would have which blood type? |
type B |
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people with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood contains? |
neither A or B antigens on their RBCs |
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a. the blood may agglutinate b. blood lysis may occur c. a transfusion reaction may occur d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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what is not a critical component of coagulation?
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fibrinolysis |
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for prothrombin to be synthesized by the liver, an adequate amount of which vitamin is required?
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vitamin K |
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which of the following does not hasten clotting? a, rough spot in the endothelium b. abnormally slow blood flow c. heparin d. all of the above |
c. heparin
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Which of the following statements is false? A. Sickle cell anemia is cause by a genetic disorder B. Lukemia is characterized by a low number of WBC's |
B. Lukemia is characterized by a low number of WBC's |
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Defiancy in the number or function of erythrocyts is called? |
Polycythemia |
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Which of the following does not describe a characteristic of leukocytes? A.They are disc shaped cells that do not contain a nucleus. B. They have the ability to fight infection |
A.They are disc shaped cells that do not contain a nucleus. |
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Which of the following substances is not found in serum? A. Clotting factors B. Water |
A. Clotting factors |
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Which of the following is not found is blood plasma? A. Water B. Oxygen c. Hormones D. All of the above |
D. All of the above |
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An allergic reaction cam increase the number of? |
Eosinophils |
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What is a blood clot that is moving through the body called? |
Embolism |
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When could difficulty with the Rh blood factor arise? |
Rh negative women and Rh positive man produce a child |
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What is the primary function of hemoglobin? |
Carry oxygen |
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Are any of the following steps not involved in cloud clot formation? A. A blood vessel is injured and platelet factors are formed B. Thrombin is converted into prothrombin |
B. Thrombin is converted into prothrombin |
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Which of the following is regulated by the kidneys? A. Water content of blood B. Blood pH level C. Blood ion concentration D. All of the above |
D. All of the above |
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The medial surface of each kidney has a notch called? |
Hilum |
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At the beginning of the "plumbing system" of the urinary system, urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cup like structures called? |
Calyces |
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The functional until of the kidneys is the? |
Nephron |
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Which of the following us a component of the renal corpuscle? A. Glomerulus B. Bowmens capsule C. Both a and b |
C. Both a and b |
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What secrets renin when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops? |
Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Substances pass from the glomerulus and into the bowmens capsules by? |
Filtration |
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The juxtaglomerular cells reside in the? |
Afferent arteriole |
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Which of the following is not part of the the urine formation? A. Filtration B. Diffusion |
Diffusion |
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The movement of water and solutes from the plasma one the glomerulus, across the glomerular capsular membrane, and into the capsular space of the bowman capsule is termed? |
Filtration |
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The movement of molecules out of the peritubular blood and into the tubular for excretion is? |
Secretion |
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Under normal conditions most water and electrolytes and nutrients are reabsorbed in the ? |
Proximal convoluted tubule |
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Which of the following is considered a countercurrent structure? |
Henle loop |
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Water loss from the blood is reduced by? A. AdhB. AnhC. Aldosterone D. Both a and c |
D. Both a and c |
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Dysuria is a term describing? |
Painful urination |
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All of the following are normal contents of urine except? A. Nitrogen wastes B. Pus in the urine C plasma proteins |
C. Plasma proteins |
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Which of the following is not a syptomatic of diabetes mellotus? A. Copious urination B. Glycosuria C. Anuria |
C. Anuria |
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What process is used by the artificial kidney to remove waste materials from blood? |
Dialysis |
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Failure of kidneys to remove waste from the blood will result in? |
Uremia |
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Hydrogen ions are transferred from blood into urine during which process? |
Secretion |
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Which of the following conditions would be considered normal in an infant younger than 2 years of age? A. Retention B. Cystitis C. Incontinence |
C. Incontinence |
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Which of the following steps involved in urine formation allows the blood to retain most body nutirent? A. Secretion B. Filtration C. Reabsorption |
C. Reabsorption |
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Voluntary control of micturition is achevied by the action of? |
External urethral sphincter |
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What structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder? |
Ureter |
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What are the capillary loops contained within the bowmans capsule called? |
Glomeruli |
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The triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney are known as? |
Pyramids |
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The trigonometry is located in the? |
Bladder |
