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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Messages are packaged |
verbal and nonverbal together
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Messages meaning are in people
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you don't receive meaning; you create it because meaning is in people and each person is unique- no messages are understood exactly the same
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meaning is both denotative and connotative
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denotative means literal definition and connotative means what it conjures. Example: (denotative) Love - *definition* (connotative)Love - she's beautiful smart
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Messages vary in abstraction
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general to specific. Example: entertainment - film - american film - classic american film - all about eve
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Messages vary in politeness
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positive face - likeable; negative face - respect
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indirect messages with people allows
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for escape and seeks to confirm - doesn't insult or offend. Example: hey im not going to be able to go because i got no ride.
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direct messages with people allows
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to put people on the spot. Example: Can I drive your car?
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Messages meaning can deceive
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such as lying - the intention to mislead someone
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types of lies
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1. pro-social 2. self-enhancement 3. selfish 4. anti-social and 5. forgain
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pro-social deception
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benefits the person lied to or lied about. Example: telling someone they look good but they don't
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self-enhancement deception
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to make yourself look good. Example: talk about good grades but not bad grades
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selfish deception
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to protect yourself. Example: tell your partner you were with your friends but you went to the bar instead
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anti-social deception
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cause harm to someone. Example: telling false rumors about someone
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forgain
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to gain something. Example: I don't feel good today can you do the dishes
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strategies of lying
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1. exaggeration 2. minimization 3. substitution 4. equivocation 5. omission 6. flat out lie
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exaggeration
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Example: Omg this was the best omlette in the world
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minimization
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Example: minimizing your lack of money by saying we have more than enough
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substitution
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swapping from bad to acceptable
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equivocation
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the message is ambiguous which doesn't let the other person know the true meaning of the message
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omission
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leave out the truth - leave out negative just include positive
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truth bias
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believe the one you love is always telling the truth
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lie biad
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believe a criminal or someone you dislike is always telling a lie
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messages can criticize or praise
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elaborate on your criticism and praise; don't be vague and cause false hope or hurt feelings
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messages vary in assertiveness
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whether the assertiveness is required. Example: asking for a raise - assertive; asking for a pencil - not assertive
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messages can confirm or disconfirm
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confirm - acknowledges and accepts that person's point of view; disconfirm - not even acknowledging that person's point of view or other realities
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rejection
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disagree with the person acknowledging their existence
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guidelines for verbal message
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1. extensionalize 2. see the individual 3. distinguish between fact and inference 4. discrimintate among 5. talk about the middle 6. update the message
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extensionalize
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don't judge a book by it's cover; avoid intentional orientation; don't let label define a person; let identity come from the person
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see the individual
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avoid allness; don't judge someone based on first impression
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distinguish b/w fact and inference
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the difference between what's real and what's an assumption
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discriminate among
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don't lump things together; avoid indiscrimination (no stereotyping such as all teachers play golf and are boring)
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talk about the middle
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avoid polarization or making things extreme; look for middle ground
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update the message
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people change and evolve; avoid a static evaluation; just because barbara was a bitch in HS doesn't mean she is now |
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Nonverbal Communication is |
communication without words, they structure the convo. |
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6 ways nonverbal messages interact with verbal messages |
1. Accent - to emphasize 2. Complement - to add nuances of meaning 3. Contradict - to do the opposite 4. Control - to manage conversation 5. Repeat - to repeat or restate with nonverbal gestures 6. Substitute - to replace words with nonverbal gestures |
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10 ways to communicate your attractiveness nonverbally |
1. gesture to show liveliness and animation 2. nod and lead forward to show interest 3. smile and facially show interest, attention and postivity 4. make eye contact moderately 5. touch in moderation and appropriately 6. use vocal variation 7. use appropriate facial reactions, posture 8. stand reasonably close 9. present a pleasant smell 10. dress appropriately for situation |
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tie signs |
they indicate the ways in which your relationship is tied together, such as a wedding ring. |
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channels of nonverbal communication |
1. body gestures 2. body appearance 3. facial communication 4. eye communication 5. touch communication 6. paralanguage and silence 7. spatial messages 8. artifactual communication 9. temporal communication |
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Body Gestures include |
1. emblems - directly translate words or phrases, such as peace sign 2. illustrators - accompany and literally illustrate verbal messages, such as lets go with circular hand movement 3. affect displays - communicate emotional meaning, such as a smile or frown 4. regulators - monitor, maintain, or control the speaking of another 5. adaptors - satisfy some need, such as scratching head, chewing on pencil |
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3 types of adaptors |
1. self adaptors - grooming, checking or maintaining yourself 2. alter adaptors - reposition yourself in response to the other person 3. object adaptors - playing with objects |
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body appearance |
your body formulates a message based on height, weight, skin, eye and hair color. Your general attractiveness also is a part of body communication. Attractive people have the advantage in just about every activity. |
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Facial communication |
signals emotions, such as happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, contempt, and interest |
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Facial management techniques |
1. intensify - exaggerate excitement 2. deintensify - cover up joy because friend is unhappy 3. neutralize 4. mask - cover up sadness by being happy 5. simulate - express emotion you don't feel |
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facial feedback hypothesis |
is when your facial expressions influences your physiological arousal, such as smiling make you feel happy |
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eye communication |
communication of the eyes vary depending on the duration, direction, and quality of the eye behavior |
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eye avoidance |
is to avert your eyes to give others privacy or to signal lack of interest |
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Touch communication |
the most primitive form of communication and may communicate five major meanings:
1. positive emotions 2. playfulness 3. control 4. ritual 5. task-related
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Paralanguage |
is the vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech. It has to do with the manner in which you say something rather than what you say. This includes vocal characteristics, such as rate, volume and pitch |
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Silence (functions) |
1. to provide time to think 2. to hurt 3. to respond to personal anxiety 4. to prevent communication 5. to communicate emotions 6. to achieve specific effects 7. to say nothing |
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Spatial messages - 4 proxemic distances |
1. intimate distance - 6 to 18 inches away from body, such as wrestling, lovemaking etc.
2. personal distance - 18 inches to 4 feet, allows you to stay protected and untouched by others - space around you
3. social distance - 4 to 12 feet, you lose visual detail you had at the personal distance - sharing space
4. public distance - 12 to more than 25 feet - free space |
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territoriality |
the possessive reaction to an area or particular objects, there are 3 types:
1. primary territories - areas you might call your own, such as room, desk, or office
2. secondary territories - are areas that don't belong to you but you have occupied, such as table in cafe or classroom seat
3. public territories - are areas that are open to all people, such as a theater, restaurant or mall |
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artifactual communication |
consists of messages conveyed by objects that are made by human hands such as clothing, hairstyle, jewlery, scents |
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temporal communication |
concerns the use of time, such as how you organize it, react to it, and communicate messages through it. There are two:
Present orientation - for now, not tomorrow - low ses Future orientation - you look toward and live for the future - high ses |