Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The two main functions of the digestive system are digestion and ____________.
|
absorption
|
|
The digestive system consists of the gastointestinal tract, which is a muscular tube whose length is ___________.
|
29.5 ft (9 m)
|
|
The innermost layer of the gastointestinal tract is a mucous membrane known as the ___________.
|
mucosa
|
|
The submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract contains lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and ____________.
|
nerves
|
|
The major type of muscle in the gastointestinal tract is _________________.
|
smooth muscle
|
|
The outer layer of the gastointestinal tract is known as the serous layer or ________________.
|
serosa
|
|
The major portion of the mouth consists of a chamber known as the _____________.
|
oral cavity
|
|
Connections of the tongue to the floor of the mouth are made by a fold of tissue known as the ___________.
|
frenulum
|
|
On either side of the tongue within the tongue papillae are a series of ___________.
|
taste buds
|
|
One of the major functions of the tongue is to work with saliva to form food into a mass called the ________.
|
bolus
|
|
The "baby" teeth are more correctly called ___________.
|
deciduous teeth
|
|
In a permanent set of teeth, the full number is _________.
|
32
|
|
Those teeth specialized for grasping and tearing food are _____________.
|
cuspids
|
|
Large pieces of food are bitten off by teeth known as ______________.
|
incisors
|
|
The three basic regions of a tooth include the crown, the neck, and the __________.
|
roots
|
|
The hardest substance in the body is found at the outside surface of the tooth and is known as the ___________.
|
enamel
|
|
The largest portion of the tooth is made up of ___________.
|
dentin
|
|
The blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues of the tooth are located within the _______________.
|
pulp
|
|
Within the cheeks of the head, below the ears is the largest salivary gland known as the ____________.
|
parotid
|
|
The salivary gland drained by the submandibular duct is the ______________.
|
submandibular gland
|
|
Lying under the tongue in the floor of the mouth is the salivary gland called the __________.
|
sublingual gland
|
|
An enzyme found within the saliva assists the breakdown of carbohydrates and is known as _____________.
|
amylase
|
|
The lymphatic vessels located on the soft palate are called _______________.
|
tonsils
|
|
The digestion of starch results in a disaccharide known as ________________.
|
maltose
|
|
Food passes into the stomach from the pharynx to a tube known as the ____________.
|
esophagus
|
|
Swallowing is a process more correctly known as ______________.
|
deglutition
|
|
The series of wavelike contractions that brings food into the stomach is called _______.
|
peristalsis
|
|
The circular muscle at the beginning of the stomach is the lower esophageal or cardiac sphincter, while the circular muscle at the end of the stomach is the _______.
|
pyloric sphincter
|
|
The narrow, far region of the stomach is the _______.
|
pylorus
|
|
The cells within the gastric glands that produce digestive enzymes are known as _____.
|
chief cells
|
|
The most important acid for digestion taking place in the stomach is ______.
|
hydrochloric acid
|
|
The enzymes of the stomch do not digest the stomach wall because the wall is protected by _________.
|
mucus
|
|
The main protein-digesting enzyme in the stomach is known as __________.
|
pepsin
|
|
The digestion of proteins in the stomach produces ______.
|
peptides
|
|
The hormone regulating the activity of gastric glands is _________.
|
gastrin
|
|
In the stomach, food is converted to a soupy mixture known as _______.
|
chyme
|
|
A variety of enzymes enter the duodenum from a large gland known as the ________.
|
pancreas
|
|
The enzyme trypsin works on organic substances called ___________.
|
proteins
|
|
Nucleic acids are digested into their component nucleotides by enzymes known as _________.
|
nucleases
|
|
In the duodenum, the acidity of the small intestine's contents is neutralized by ________.
|
bicarbonate ions
|
|
Before fats can be digested into their component fatty acids, they must be broken into smaller globules by the liver substance called _______.
|
bile
|
|
The pancreatic enzyme responsible for digesting fats is known as _________.
|
lipase
|
|
The second part of the small intestine and the place where most absorption occurs is the _________.
|
jejenum
|
|
The products of fat digestion are absorbed into lymphatic vessels called _______.
|
lacteals
|
|
The ATP-requiring method for the transport of substances from the small intestine to the blood vessels is known as ________.
|
active transport
|
|
The short wormlike extension of tissue where the small and large intestines meet is called the _______.
|
appendix
|
|
The last few inches of the colon that terminates at the anus is the _______.
|
rectum
|
|
A major function of the large intestine is to reabsorb ions and _________.
|
water
|
|
The largest gland in the body and source of bile is the __________.
|
liver
|
|
For use in the digestive process, bile is stored in a sac called the ________.
|
gallbladder
|