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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sx of macular degeneration
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loss of central vision
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types of macular degeneration
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exudative: less common, more severe --> sudden visual loss from leakage of fluid into retina --> abnormal bv formation
non-exudative: atrophy anda degeneration of central retina, drusen forms under the pigment |
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clinical findings of glaucoma
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increaed iop
damage ot optic nerve irreversible vision loss loss of ganglion cells --> atrophy of optic disk cup gets bigger |
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2 types of glaucoma
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open angle: painless, silent dz course, impaired outflow of aqueous humor
closed angle: occlusion of a narrow angle, very painful with eye dilation. eye is red and painful, n/v/ha **pupil becomes non-reactive** |
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clinical findings of subconjunctival hemorrhage
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red blotchy portions of the eye
non an emergency, looks worse than it is |
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tx of subconjunctival hemorrhage
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resolves in a few weeks on its own, but cold compresses can help
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clinical findings of blepharitis
etiology |
inflamed eyelid, usually from staph infx
eyelid is red, swollen and crusted foreign body sensation |
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tx of blepharitis
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lid scrubs and compress, topical abx if severe
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clinical findings of episcleritis
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inflamed bv lining sclera
irritation, dull ache, watery d/c sclera are blotchy |
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tx of episcleritis
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self limited
nsaids can be used for symptom relief |
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clinical findings of scleritis
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significant eye pain
ocular redness visual impairment pain on palpation of eyeball |
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tx of scleritis
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topical or systemic steroids
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clinical findings of superficial keratitis
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inflammation of corneal epithelium
--> impaired vision and eye pain slit lamp eval: under cobalt blue + fluorescein dye, shows micro-erosions of corneal epithelium |
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clinical findings of anterior uveitis
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red around the cornea
blurred vision pain photophobia constricted pupil |
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clinical findings of herpes simplex keratitis
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dentrite seen on cornea (with fluoroscein staining)
blindness if not treated ocular irritation and photophobia |
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which eye conditions are associated with systemic dz
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anterior uveitis
episcleritis scleritis |
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which hsv is related to hsv keratitis
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hsv 1
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sx of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
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rapid onset of copious, purulent exudate
--> blindness very quickly |
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what organism is related to hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
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n. gonorrhea
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tx of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
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im ceftriaxone
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who to suspect of having hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
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sexually active young adult with rapid onset of copious purulent exudate
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what is the #1 cause of blindness worlwide
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trachoma
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clinical features of trachoma
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chronic conjunctival scarring
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2 types of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia
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trachoma
inclusion conjunctivitis |
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clinical findings of inclusion conjunctivitis
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there is no scarring or blindness risk
follicles are seen on inner margin of eye |
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tx of chlamydial conjunctivitis
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oral tetracycline, doxy, or erythromycin
tx partners too! |
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#1 cause of white reflex in children
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congenital cataracts
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sx of retinal detachment
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floaters
flashes of light grey elevated retina peripheral loss of vision (as opposed to macular degeneration or optic neuritis) |
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sx of choroidal rupture
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central scotoma
retinal edema macular detachment subretinal hemorrhage |
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etiology of choroidal rupture
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usually from blunt ocular trauma
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sx of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
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decreased visual acuity
neovascularization |
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clinical findings of cmv retinitis
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yellow-white patches of retinal opacifications, and retinal hemorrhage
pts usually asx |
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tx of cmv retinitis
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ganciclovir or foscarnet
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vision defect in hypperosmolar hyperglycemic diabetic coma
pathophysiology |
blurry vision
from hyperosmolarity |
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dacrocystitis
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infection of lacrimal sac from obx at nasolacrimal duct
--> pain, swelling, tenderness, redness expression of mucous or pus |
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sx in optic neuritis
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central scotoma
afferent pupillary defect changes in color perception decreased visual acuity |
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clinical findings of htn retinopathy
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av nickeing
copper/silver wiring exudates hemorrhage no sx of visual impairment |
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pathophys of htn retinomapthy
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focal spasm of arterioles, progressive sclerosis and narrowing
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types of dm retinopathy
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1. microaneurysms, hemorrhage, exudates, retinal edema --> vision changes
2. pre-proliferative changes (cotton wool spots) 3. Prolferative (newly formed bv) |
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how can complications of dm retinopathy be prevented
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with laser photocoag
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