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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Mendelian Genetics (H)
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The branch of genetics concerned with patterns and processes of inheritance. (H)
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(AKA) Human Genetics
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Microevolution (H)
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Short-term evolutionary change. (H)
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-From one generation to the next.
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Macroevolution (H)
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Long-term evolutionary change. (H)
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-Over thousands and millions of years.
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DNA
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The Molecule that provides the genetic code for biological structures and the means to translate this code
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Base (H)
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Chemical units that make up part of the DNA molecule and specifically genetic instructions. (H)
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A-T G-C
(Ladder) |
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RNA
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The molecule that functions to carry out the instructions for protein synthesis specified by the DNA molecule.
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Messenger RNA
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The form of RNA that transports the genetic instructions from the DNA molecule to the site of protein synthesis
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Transfer RNA
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A free floating molecule that is attracted to a strand of Messenger RNA, resulting in the synthesis of a protein chain.
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Chromosome
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A long strand of DNA sequences.
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Gene
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A DNA sequence that codes for a functional polypeptide (a compound containing many amino acids)or RNA product(simply a section of DNA that has an identifiable function).
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Hemoglobin (H)
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The molecule in blood cells that transports Oxygen. (H)
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oxygen
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Exon (H)
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A section of DNA that DOES code for the amino acids that make up proteins. (H)
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-The opposite of an Intron
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Intron (H)
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A section of DNA that does NOT code for the amino acids that make up proteins. (H)
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-The Opposite of an Exon
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Regulatory Gene (H)
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Gene that codes for the regulation of biological processes such as growth and developement. (H)
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-turn other genes ON or OFF at the appropriate times.
Ex. Puberty |
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Homeobox Genes
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A group of regulatory genes that encode a sequence of 60 amino acids regulating Embrionic Development
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Mitosis (H)
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The process of replication of chromosomes in body cells. (H)
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-First, Chromosomes duplicate themselves
-Then, the cell divides or splits -When finished there are two Cells with full sets of chromosomes |
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Meiosis (H)
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The creation of sex cells by replication of chromosomes followed by cell division.
(H) |
-First, chromosomes duplicate themselves
-Then, the cell divides -And divides again without duplicating |
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Genome (H)
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The total DNA sequence of an organism. (H)
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-Approximately 3 billion base pairs in length.
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Locus (plural Loci)
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The specific position of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome.
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Allele (H)
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The alternative form of a gene or DNA sequence that occurs at a given locus. They appear in pairs, one on each chromosome. (H)
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ABO blood type system where there are three of these.
A, B, and O |
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Mendel's Law of Segrigation
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Sex cells contain one of each pair of alleles. One from the father and one from the mother.
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
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The segrigation of any pair of chromosomes does NOT affect the probability of segregation for other pairs of chromosomes.
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Genotype (H)
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The genetic endowment of an individual from the two alleles present at a given locus.(H)
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The genetic make-up that you inherit from your parents.
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Homozygous (H)
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Both alleles at a given locus are identical. (H)
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AA not Aa
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Heterozygous (H)
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The two alleles at a given locus are different. (H)
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Aa not AA
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Phenotype (H)
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The Observable appearance of a given genotype in the organism. (H)
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Physical attributes that you inherit from your parents.
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Dominant Allele (H)
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An allele that masks the effect of the other allele in a heterozygous genotype. (H)
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In "Aa" this allele is the "A"
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Recessive Allele (H)
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An allele whose effect is masked by the other allele in a heterozygous genotype. (H)
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In "Aa" this allele is the "a"
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Codominant (H)
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Both alleles affect the phenotype of a heterozygous genotype, and neither is dominant over the other. (H)
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"MN" Blood group.
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Linkage (H)
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Alleles on the same chromosome are inherited together. (H)
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-Having to do with Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
-Un-independent alleles |
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Crossing Over (H)
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The exchange of DNA between chromosomes during meiosis. (H)
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Describes the process of exchange
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Recombination (H)
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The production of new combinations of DNA sequences caused by exchanges of DNA during meiosis. (H)
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The result of the process of exchange
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Polygenic (H)
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A complex genetic trait affected by two or more loci.
When several loci act to control a trait, many different genotypes and phenotypes may result. (H) |
A number of physical characteristics, such as human skin color and height, may be --------
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Pleiotropy (H)
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A single allele that has multiple effects on an organism. (H)
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In Humans the sickle cell allele affects the structure of the blood's Hemoglobin and also leads to changes in overall Body Growth and Health
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Heritability (H)
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The proportion of total variation of a trait due to genetic variation. (H)
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What is passed on to you, by your parents
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Major Genes (H)
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Genes that have the primary effect on the phenotypic distribution of a complex trait. (H)
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primary genes
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Mutation (H)
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A mechanism for evolutionary change resulting from random change in the genetic code. (H)
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The ultimate source of all genetic variation.
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Sickle Cell Allele (H)
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An Allele of the hemoglobin locus. (H)
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Individuals homozygous for this allele have Sickle Cell Anemia.
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Monosomy (H)
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A condition in which one chromosome, rather than a pair, is present in body cells. (H)
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A lost chromosome
-Turner's Syndrome |
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Trisomy (H)
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A condition in which three chromosomes rather than a pair occur in body cells. (H)
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Has an extra chromosome.
-Down Syndrome -Kline-felter's Syndrome |