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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 general types of products parenterals are packaged as?
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LVP-large volume parenteral solutions and SVP-small volume parenteral solutions
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What would be a visual sign of lack of stability in a parenteral solution?
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precipitation or crystallization in the solution
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What are aseptic techniques?
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techniques that maintain sterile conditions and prevent contamination
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What are pyrogens?
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chemicals that are produced by microorganisms
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Can pyrogens be removed by sterilizing or filtering the solution?
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no
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What is meant by a pyretic reaction?
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fever
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What is the osmolarity of blood?
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about 300 mOsmol/L
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What is meant by isotonic?
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when a solution has an osmolarity equivalent to that of blood
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What is osmotic pressure?
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the characteristic of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles in it
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What is meant by hypertonic?
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intravenous solutions that have greater osmolarity than blood
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What is meant by hypotonic?
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intravenous solutions that have lower osmolarity than blood
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What can hypertonic and hypotonic solutions do?
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may cause damage to red blood cells, pain, and tissue irritation
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What constitutes as an LVP solution?
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intravenous solutions packaged in containers holding 100 mL or more
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What are the 2 ports on LVP solutions called?
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the administration port and the medication port
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What identifies the administration port from the medication port?
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the administration port has a plastic cover; the medication port is covered by a protective rubber tip
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How are medications that cannot be placed in plastic administered and packaged?
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glass IV bottles are used; they are packaged with a vacuum, sealed by a solid rubber closure, and the closure is held in place by an aluminum band
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What are the 4 most commonly used LVP solutions?
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sodium chloride solution, dextrose solution, Ringer's solution, and Lactated Ringer's solution
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What is an ampule?
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an elongated sealed glass container with a neck that must be snapped off
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What are 4 names of Ready-To-Mix systems?
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Add-Vantage, Add-a-Vial, Mini-Bag Plus, CRIS Controlled Release Infusion System
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What is meant by lyophilized?
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freeze dried
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What is the lumen of the needle?
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the hollow bore of the needle
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What are Slip-Tip, Luer-Lok, eccentric, and oral referring to?
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different types of syringe tips
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How does a depth filter work?
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works by trapping particles as the solution moves through twisting channels
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How does a membrane filter work?
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consists of many small pores of a uniform size that retain particles larger than the pores
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What are 3 types of filters?
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membrane, depth, and final filters
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What is commonly used in a depth filter?
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diatomaceous earth, procelain, and asbestos
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What is meant by laminar flow?
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continuous movement at a uniform rate in one direction
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What is a HEPA filter?
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a high efficiency particulate air filter
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Are TPNs hypertonic or hypotonic?
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hypertonic
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What is the source of protein in a TPN solution?
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an amino acid solution
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What is the source of carbohydrate calories in a TPN solution?
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a dextrose solution
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What is a TNA?
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Total Nutrient Admixture solution; a TPN solution that contains intravenous fat emulsion
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What are the 2 typical solutions for surgical irrigation and what is their purpose?
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Sodium Chloride or Sterile Water; used to bathe and moisten body tissues, moisten dressings, and wash instruments
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What are the 2 most commonly used Urologic Irrigation Solutions and what is their purpose?
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Glycerine Irrigation and 3% Sorbital Irrigation solutions; they maintain tissue integrity and remove blood to maintain a clear field of vision
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What type of solution is used during operations to maintain tissue integrity and remove blood?
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urologic irrigation solutions
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A mole is the number of grams numberically equal to the ____ weight of the drug.
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molecular weight
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What is molecular weight?
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the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms that make up the drug molecule.
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What is the formula to find a drug's osmolarity?
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osmole = (molecular weight)/(# of ions)
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What type of filter is used to filter solutions as the solution is expelled from the syringe?
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membrane filters
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