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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the bible is inspired: The Catholic Church and Traditional mainland protestants’ uphold that: The bible is not
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simply the product of human ingenuity and culture. It is the inspired Word of God, not simply in the sense that great pieces of literature are inspired.
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Inspiration is a Latin word
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inspirare meaning “to breathe into” or “to breathe upon.”
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Most of the Christians agree that the bible is inspired, but the issues lie on
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establishing the extent of the inspiration- the involvement of God on one side and, then that of Human author on the other side. Taking a balance position would help us to understand the question of Biblical inerrancy (without error), and how to interpret the Bible.
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The Roman Catholic Church's approach to biblical inspiration
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has no one definitive approach to biblical inspiration, but its popular position is that God and Human authors cooperated. The human author is something more than a pen or a pencil in the hand of God. the various authors of the Bible “made use of their powers and abilities” but under the direction of the holy spirit of truth.
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Mechanical Dictation Approach (“Verbal inspiration”):
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God dictates the text word by word and the author simply writes it. Human author is simply a mechanical instrument in the hand of God.
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what inspiration is popular with fundamentalists?
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mechanical diction approach (verbal inspiration)
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b.Subsequent or Delayed Inspiration
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Human being alone is the author. Inspiration is “added” at the canonizing moment, i.e. at the period each and every one of the books is accepted as authentic, numbered among the whole lot and proposed for universal readership. In other words, in the actual composition of the writing there was no special inspiration by the Holy Spirit.
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Human Ingenuity Approach
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Human being alone is the author. The inspiration here is that of any “inspired work”, which has nothing to do with the divine, (e.g composition of music, or the writing of a poem or prose, or even the articulation of story line in a novel).
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What does it mean to Say that the Bible is “inerrant”?
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what is considered as error in the bible, having established that the bible is inspired, and not in the same way that other popular works have been.
the content of the bible has a measure of apparent errors, or inconsistencies (scientific, historical, or in the narrative). The question is if the bible is really inspired by God, how can it contain apparent error(s)? |
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a.Literal or Fundamental approach: to interpretation
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This takes the biblical text at the face value; as it appears. In other words, “the bible means what it says, or more accurately, what it reads. Critical or figurative approach is unacceptable.
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Contextual Approach to interpretation
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One must understand the context in which the biblical text was produced if one is to most appropriately understand its meaning. Knowing the historical context along with various forms of literary criticism, will be helpful. (This is the best and more universally accepted approach to the interpretation of the bible as it allows a measure of reasonableness in the interpretation of the texts or passages.
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Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (“Dei Verbum”)
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‘Dei Verbum’ is one of the dogmatic constitutions promulgated by the fathers of the second Vatican council. Dogmatic in the sense that those united in the bond of faith, the sacraments and ecclesiastical governance (a baptized catholic) must accept them as fact or he/she does not belong to the one fold.
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highlights of bible in dogmatic constitution
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The bible is God’s self-communication
God assisted the human authors to write it. The Bible is both canonical and normative. The bible cannot err in truths that pertain to the salvation of humanity though there may be other kinds of errors in the text. |
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Jesus was born sometime
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sometime between 6 and 4 B.C.E.
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jesus died
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died sometime between 24 and 29 C.E.
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Jesus was born in the town of
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Bethlehem during the reign of Herod the Great and was the son of a young woman named Mary
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Some historical account say mary was a virgin
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and that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit.
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jesus's family could be traced to
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king david.
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Joseph, his foster father
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seems to have died before Jesus began his ministry
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Jesus recieved much of the same education and religious training as
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other poor Jewish children of his day. He undoubtedly knew the law and the prophets well and had deep religious insight at an early age.
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When Jesus was about thirty he was attracted
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to the preaching of John the Baptist,
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john the bapstist was jesus's
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second cousin
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The Gospels portray John as
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the last of the Old Testament prophets.
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john the baptist was possibly an
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Essene whose mission was to prepare the way for the coming Messiah. John lived in the desert and gathered a group of disciples (Students, followers) around him.
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John the baptist preached a message calling for
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repentance (turning away from sin), and baptism, submerging in water as a sign that sin had been washed away). John urged people to do these because the Kingdom of God was near.
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After the temptation, Jesus gathered a group of
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twelve apostles and began to minister in Galilee and Judea.
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Scholars disagree on how long
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Jesus’ ministry lasted. Some claim it lasted for one year, others hold that it was three years.
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jesus's ministry had three steps
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A period of initiation
A time of popularity, and A stage of increasing opposition. |
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jesus' mission involved
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teaching, healing and
concern for the impoverished of the society. |
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jesus' three attributes and personality drew people
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to his work and allowed him to speak with authority. People were filled with expectations about the coming Messiah, and many ordinary people were probably attracted to Jesus by rumors of his miracles
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How and when precisely the spread of Christianity occurred is connected to
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Pentecost as documented in (Acts 2).
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In Paul’s letter to the Romans(written
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between 25 and 35years after the crucifixion) we are told that the faith of the church is spoken of through out the world; and in the Acts, the Lord asked Paul to do in Rome, what he exactly did in Jerusalem in that there were many people on the Lord’s side.
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The Acts of the Apostle in close collaboration
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with the epistles were New Testament documents available to prove the spread of the faith. as a result of the missionary activities of the Apostles with Paul as its most commanding agent/instrument.
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the spread of the faith was a result of
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the missionary activities of the Apostles with Paul as its
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Jerusalem was the natural
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headquarters there Jesus died and rose up, and it was the center of Judaism.
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The death of Stephen and the consequent persecution of Christians caused
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the mass movement of Christians into towns and provinces outside Jerusalem.
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it was the Pentecost event that
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gave birth and voice to the Church as a community.
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Apologists
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Those who defended Christian faith against Jewish and pagan objections
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Gnosticism
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A dualistic religious movement that clearly emerged in the second century. It drew on Jewish Christian and Pagan sources and presented salvation as spiritual elements being freed from an evil material environment.
Christian Gnostics denied Christ’s real incarnation and the Salus Carnis (Lat. “Salvation of the flesh”) he effected. They claimed a privilege knowledge of God and our human destiny from secret traditions and revelations. |
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Marcionism
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A dualistic, ascetic movement founded by Marcion, a native of Pontus in Asia Minor. He maintained that the creator and Old Testament law were quite incompatible with the God of love and grace preached by Jesus. Hence, he rejected completely the Hebrew Scriptures, and retained only the Pauline letters and a truncated version of Luke’s gospel.
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Apostasy
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Deliberate and complete abandonment of the faith by a baptized
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Schism
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A formal break in Church unity brought about when a particular group willfully separates itself from the larger faith community. As distinguished from heresy, schism is not directed against orthodoxy but communion.
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Donatism
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named after Donatus, the movement’s institutional organizer.The schism arose from the contested election of Caecilian as bishop of Carthage in 311, on the grounds that his consecrator had been a traditores (an apostate), one who handed over the scriptures during the time of persecution. Theologically, the sect held the Church to a rigid standard of holiness, insisted that sacraments conferred by traditores were invalid, and that those who communicated with the traditores were also infected with sin. In effect, Donatists formed their own church and rebaptized converts to it.
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The first century (A.D. 33- 100
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was a time of initial growth of Christianity, especial among the lower classes, due to heroic missionary efforts.
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in the first century, the gospel was
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preached by word of mouth and deed. Christianity remained an offshoot of Judaism,
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in the first century, christiantiy was persecuted by
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the Roman emperors Nero and Domitian, who stirred suspicions about the Christian way of life and accused Christians of atheism for refusal to worship the emperor and Roman gods.
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In the second century (A.D 100-200)
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Christianity grew in numbers and influence despite sporadic persecution.
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Bishops Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp, and others were
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the apostolic fathers who taught Christian truth and often witnessed to it with their lives(
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martyrs
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someone who dies for their religion
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Apologists defended
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defended the faith through philosophy and reason. The bishops confronted distortions of Christian teachings, for instance, the Gnostics and Marcion.
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the third centuryA.D (200-300)
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schools of Christian teaching (Catechetical schools) had arisen in major cities, producing such great teachers as St. Clement and Origen of Alexandria, Egypt
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in the third century, christianity
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was expanding, organizing, and developing theologically
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christianity stopped expanding when
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the persecution of Decius (A.D) shook the Church and raised the question of how to deal with those who denied the faith (the sin of Apostasy).
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the sin of apostasy is
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those who denied the faith.
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St. Cyprian of Carthage agreed with
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the Pope (the Bishop of Rome) that all who did penance could be re-admitted.
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the church was not just for the perfect
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but for the repenant sinners
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Constantine took the decisive step in his relation with Christianity in
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312
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constantine needed to
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defeat one of his formidable opponents, Maxentius who was believed to rely on pagan magic
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“In hoc Signo Vincis”
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you shall conquer in this sign
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constantine told his historian friend
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Eusebius, how he saw a vision of Cross light in the sky with the inscription “In hoc Signo Vincis” His belief was later confirmed.
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constantine did eventually conquer his enemies at
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Milvian Bridge near Rome.
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constantine resolved to help the christians in the year
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313
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constantine issued
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the famous edict of Toleration that granted religious freedom
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christiantiy was the religion of the state, made by
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not constantine, but his sucessors
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in 314, constantine
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had the Cross appear on his coins
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constantine was still called ___ after he supported the christian
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“Pontifex Maximus” as the chief priest of the pagan state cult
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It is not easy to say whether constantines overt sympathy for Christianity was
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politically or religously motivated
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the aftermath of constantines toleration: He lifted the
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burden of State contributions from the Clergy.
Wills were written in favor of the Church. |
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the aftermath of constantines toleration: the sunday was
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raised to legal status like other pagan feasts and memorials of martyrs and other church festivals were honored.
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the aftermath of constantines toleration: he forbade
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the creation of more temples and statues of gods and the forceful participation of Christians in pagan feast.
and the Jewish killing of Jewish converts to Christianity |
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the aftermath of constantines toleration: Bishops and Clergy became
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part of constantines entourage and built and enlarged churches
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the aftermath of constantines toleration: he moved the capital from
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from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople.
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the aftermath of constantines toleration:He worked to foster
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Christian Unity by calling for and presiding at the first general (ecumenical Council, council of Nicaea in A.D 325,
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The Ecumenical Council, council of Nicaea attempted to
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stop Arius’ denial of Christ’s Divinity.
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in 314, the second son of constantine
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abolished pagan sacrifices in Italy.
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The third son Constantius
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abolished superstitious practices in the temples.With that Christianity enjoyed rapid growth.
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