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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Continuous development
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a process of gradually improving skills over time
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Discontinuous Development
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a process which new ways of understand and responding to the world energlat specific times
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stairs
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Nature
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-genetics
-the inborn biological given -the inhereditary information we receive form our parents at the moment of conception |
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Nurture
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-life experience
-the focus of the physical and social world that influences our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth |
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context
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unique combinations of personal and enviromental circumstances that can result in markedly different path of change
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Resilence
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-the ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development and other adversity
-long term relationship with mentoring adult -high intelligence -easy temperment( how upset they get and how easy it is to calm down) -close relationship with " good enough" parent (one good parent) -socially valved talents (sports) |
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G Stanley Hall
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-the normitive
-measure of behavior are taken on large numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical development -early 1900s |
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Alfred Binet
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-inventer of the first usable intelligent test
-early 1900s |
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Sigmund freud
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-focused on the impact of early childhood relationship on human development
-discussed childrens inner conflicts -late 1800s early 1900s |
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Eric Erickson
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-Expanded developmental study from birth to death
-examined the development of personality traits attitudes and skills that help make a person a pruductive member of society -mid 1900s |
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Jean Piaget
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-interested in cognitive development
-childeren actively constuct knowledge as they explore the world -mid 1900s |
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Lev Vygotsky
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-sociolcultureal theory
-Childrens discussions and participation in activities with more knowledge able members of society help them acquire cultural knowledge and behaviors -mid 1900s |
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Operational condintioning
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reinforcements and punishments shape behaviors
-disciplining children |
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observational learning
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as children develop they become more selective about what they imitate
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Information processing
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- an approach that views the minds as a symbol
-maniputating system like a computor -help to clarify the exact steps children take in their thinking as they accomplish tasks -example how forgiving a child is |
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Developmental cognitive neuroscientist
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-post tramatic stress
-interseted in the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing childs cognitive processing and behavior patterens |
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Evolutionary developmental psychologist
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-developmental psychology focus on the survival value of behavior in history
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Ecological system theory
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-bronfenbrenner
-views the child as developing within a complex system of relationship affected |
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dynamic system perspective
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involves veiwing the childs mind,body and physical and social worlds as an integrated system change at any level leads to reorganication
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Nature v.s nuture
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-childeren who are high or low in a characteristic (anxiety, sociability)remain that way in later ages
-stability -regard enviroment as important they point to early experiences as establishing lifelong pattern of behavior -heredity -powerful negative events in the first few years cant be fully overcome by later more positive ones -other theorist take a more optimistic view, emphasize that change is possiable and even likely if new experiences support it |
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