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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is housed in the superior mediastinum
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all the structures passing betwen the neck and the thorax, the aortic arch with its branches, th brachiocephalic viens, the superior vena cava, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus and the vagus and phrenic nerves
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inferior mediastinum divisions
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anterior mi ddle and posterior mediastina
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anterior mediastinum
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anterior to the pericardium and posterior to the sternum, contains connective tissue with some fat, lymph nodes, and a portion of the thymus
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middle mediastinum
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contains the heart and the roots of the ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, superior and inferior venae cavae, and the four pulmonary viens
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posterior mediastinum
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contains the descending thoracic aorta, azygos and hemiazygos viens, thoracic duct and esophagus
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what are the 3 parts of the sternum
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the manubrium, the sternum, xiphoid tip
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the first 7 ribs are the
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true ribs
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the last 5 ribs are the
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false ribs
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on the thoracic vertebra what do the ribs connect to
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the transverse process and vertebral bodies
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what are the 3 major divisions of throacic cavity
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right pleural, left pleural and mediastinum
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two layers of pleura
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parietal and visceral
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lungs are separated by
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mediastinum
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lobes are separated by
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fissures
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what is the hilum
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medial surface: point at which the bronchi,blood vessels, and nerves enter the lung
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what is the mass distribution of the heart
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2/3 to he left of medium plane and 1/3 to the right
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=in sagittal sections, what vessel associated with the heart is seen as having a distinct anterior-to-postior orientation?
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pulmonary trunk
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=describe the anatomical location of the heart in relation to the medium plane of the body.
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2/3 left 1/3 right
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=name 2 serous layers of the pericardium.
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parietal and viseral
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covers cardiac muscle of heart wall-
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visceral
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forms a lining with the fibrous pericardium
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Parietal
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name 2 points of articulation for:
costotransverse: costovertebral: |
vertebral column: transverse process
rib: tubercle vertebral column: body rib: head |
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indicate 3 major divisions of the thoracic cavity:
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R pleural, L pleural, mediastinum
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what 2 specific anatomical areas are drained by the azygos vein?
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thoracic wall and posterior abdominal wall
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between what two chambers of the heart is the bicuspid valve located?
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L atrium and L ventricle
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what is the most posterior vessel exiting the aortic arch?
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subclavian artery
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what is more anterior? a)descending aorta, b) esophagus
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ESOPHAGUS
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which is more to the right?a0 trachea, b) descending aorta
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A) TRACHEA
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name opening thats part of the fetal circulation system that allows blood to flow directly from R atrium to L atrium while bypassing pulmonary circulation.
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foramen ovale
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which 2 veins drain durectly into the coronary sinuses?
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greater coronary vein and middle coronary vein
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which duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the L jugular vein and subclavian vein?
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thoracic duct
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define- ventricular septal defect
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ventricular septal defect allows blood to flow through chambers usually from left to right very basically it is a hole in the heart
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valve in ascending aorta is in which side of the sternum?
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left
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which duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the L jugular vein and subclavian vein?
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thoracic duct
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name 2 layers of pleura of pleura cavity?
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parietal & visceral
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indentify layer of pleura:
lines thorcic wal- insensitive to pain- very sensitive to pain adheres to lungs and fissures- |
indentify layer of pleura:
lines thorcic wal- P insensitive to pain-V very sensitive to pain-P adheres to lungs and fissures- V |
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chordae tendinae are anchored to projections of myocardium called:
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papillary muscles
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which valve is located at the exit from R ventricle?
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pulmonary semilunar
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name muscle which is part of the heart wall that kepp the tricuspid valve from inverting when pressure is increased?
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papillary muscles
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indicate proper term for division between 2 atriums?
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interatrial septum
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which gland that is invovled in the early development of the immune system is a prominent area of lymphoid tissue during early chilhood?
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thymus gland
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provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
anterior mediastinum- |
anterior pericardium posterior to the sternum.contains fat, lymph nodes, connective tissue, thymus gland
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provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
thymus gland |
anterior mediastinum
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provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
lymphatic tissue/lymph nodes |
anterior mediastinum
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provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
aortic arch |
superior mediastinum
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provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
connective tissue |
fibrous pericardium
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provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
superior mediastinum |
contains aorta and its branches
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posterior medastinum:
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descending aorta
thorcic duct esophagus |
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provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
branches |
superior mediastinum
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middle mediastium:
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HEART
ivc svc pulmonary veins pulmonary atreries |
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when taking coronal section from posterior to anterior, which chamber of the heart is seen first?
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L atrium
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indentify the chambers of the heart:
major portions anterior surface of the heart |
R ventricle
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indentify the chambers of the heart:most right sided
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R atrium
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indentify the chambers of the heart:most posterior structure
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L atrium
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indentify the chambers of the heart:receives blood from SVC, IVC, and coronary sinuses
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R atrium
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indentify the chambers of the heart:4 pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood
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L atrium
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indentify the chambers of the heart:responsible for pumping blood throughout whole body
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L ventricle
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name the partition between the 2 ventricles:
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interventricular septum
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which is most to the left side? a) svc, b)pulmonary trunk c)ascending aorta
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B)PULMONARY trunk
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name the point on the medial surface of the lung where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter.
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hilum
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what is the location of the initation of impulses for contractions of the heart?
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R atrium or SA node
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name the string like structures which connect to the cusps of the right atrioventricular valve.
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chordae tendinae
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which 2 veins empty directly into the svc?
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R brachiocephalic
L brachiocephalic |
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from which chamber of the heart does the pulmonary trunk originate?
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R ventricle
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on which side of the esophagus is the aorta located?
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left
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identify proper layer of heart wall:
thin, covers innermost heart walls |
- endocardium
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identify proper layer of heart wall:contracts to produce a pumping action-
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myocardium
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identify proper layer of heart wall:outer layer-
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epicardium
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indicate 2 general types of heart valves
inflow from atrium to ventricle. |
atrioventricular
exit port of ventricles- semilunar |
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figure 4-24 transverse- t6-t7
figure 4-16 transverse- apex of lung figure 4-35 coronal section through R&L ventricle figure 4-23 transverse-pulmonary trunk figure 4-19 transverse-aortic arch |
word
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what valve is in the ascending aorta
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aortic semilunar
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the valve in the ascending aorta is on which side of the sternum, the right or left
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left
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which lung is more displaced by the mass of the heart
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left
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which is most to the left side, the superior vena cava, the pulmonary trunk, or the ascending aorta
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pulmonary trunk
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which is more anterior, the left brachiocephalic vien or the ascending aorta
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l brachiocephalic
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which is more anterior, the descending aorta or the esophagus
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esophagus
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which is more to the right the trachea or the descending aorta
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trachea
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what is thte bone anteriour to the left brachiocephalic vein
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manubrium or sternum
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what blood vessel is closest to the apex of the left lung
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l subclavian artery
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what two blood vessels join to form the brachiocephalic vein
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subclavian and jugular vein
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in coronal sections which vessel associated with the heart is most closely related to the right lung
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superior vena cava
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what are the two vessels that join to form the brachiocephalic veins
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r and l internal jugular r and l subclavian veins
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superior thoracic apeture
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also known as the thoracic oinlet separates the thorax from the root of the neck
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inferior thoracic apeture
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or thoracic outlet bounded posteriorly by the twelfth thoracic vertebra and anteriourly by the ziphisternal junction
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another name for the sternal angle
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angle of louis
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the trachea bifurcates at the level of
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the sternal angle
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the aortic arch begins at the level of
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the sternal angle
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the apex of the heart is formed by
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the left ventricle
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what is the most right sided portion of the heart
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r atrium
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what is the most posterior portion of the heart
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left atrum
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2 types of valves
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semilunar and atrioventricular
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what structure in the heart is called the pacemaker
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the SA node sinoatrial node
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the thymus
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located in the superior mediastinum with portions in the anterior, it is responsible for the development and mantinence of immune system, just behind the manubrium
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the thoracic ducts
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drains the wall and posterior abdominal wall, primary lymphatic duct
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azygous
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enters posterior mediastinum of thorax along with thoracic duct
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superior thoracic apeture
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also known as the thoracic oinlet separates the thorax from the root of the neck
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inferior thoracic apeture
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or thoracic outlet bounded posteriorly by the twelfth thoracic vertebra and anteriourly by the ziphisternal junction
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another name for the sternal angle
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angle of louis
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the trachea bifurcates at the level of
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the sternal angle
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the aortic arch begins at the level of
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the sternal angle
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