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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Neutralization |
Depends on the chemical reaction during equilibrium process |
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Strong Acid and Strong Base |
Common titrations, example of reagents |
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HCl, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid |
3 Examples of standard solution of acid |
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Na, K, BaOH |
Examples of Standard Solutions for base |
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Determinate error |
Kind of error that is computed theoritically . Error that is based on the change of color due to the ph and equivalence point |
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Indeterminate error |
Kind of error that is based on the diffrences of color interpretation. |
Varies from eye to eye or indicators |
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0.5-1 |
range of uncertainty for ph |
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Temperature, ionic strength, presence of organic solvent, colloidal particles |
Factors affecting the indicator |
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Pre equivalence, equivalence, post equivalent |
3 types of calculations to plot hypothetical titration curve |
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Pre equivalence |
Done by calculating the initial concentration of the analytes |
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Equivalence |
When the reacting species react at equilibrium |
Can be calculated with ion product constant of water |
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Post equivalence |
Calculated using the excess volume used in titration |
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Bromocresol green |
Its color range is yellow to green, can detect from 5ml reagent |
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Bromothymol blue |
Color range from yellow to blue, it is the most effective among the three. Can accommodate up to 0.01 moles of minimal error |
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Solution of salt of weak acid is always ___ |
Basic |
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Half titration points |
At this point, the buffer is at its peak during titration of weak base. It is used to determine dissociation constant |
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Always remember |
In dilute solutions, ph at initial concentration is higher while at equivalence it becomes lower. |
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Why do weak acids do not completely ionize in dilute solution? |
because it ph in pre equivalence is high and decreases as it reaches the equivalence point |
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Phenolphtalein |
-Its color range is from colorless to red. -It is effective for weak acids and bases. -provides minimal titration error |
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Polyfunctional acids and bases |
Exhibits two or more functional groups and shows polyfunctional behavior. |
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Examples of polyfunctional acids |
H3PO4 (H2PO4, HPO4) |
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Why is it better to use strong acid and base? |
Because it reacts completely thus giving a sharper endpoint |
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Nitric Acid |
Seldom used because of it oxidizing properties |
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Why use cold diluted sulfuric and perchloric acid instead of concentrated and hot one? |
Because it is potent and hazardous |
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Determinate error |
Error in which the ph of which the indicator expected to change color differs at the ph during equivalence point |
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What is the visual uncertainty of indicator that often results to indeterminate error? |
0.5-1 |
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Thymol blue |
Color range red to yellow |
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Methyl yellow |
Red to yellow |
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Methyl orange |
Red to orange |
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Bromocresol green |
yellow to blue |
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Methyl red |
Red to yellow |
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Bromocresol purple |
Yellow to purple |
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Bromothymol blue |
Yellow to blue |
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Phenol red |
Yellow to red |
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Cresol purple |
Yellow to purple |
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Phenolphtalein |
Colorless to red |
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Thymolphtalein |
Colorless to blue |
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Alizarin Yellow GG |
Colorless to yellow |
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What are the two sources of hydronium ion in solution of aqueous acd |
1. Reaction of acid and water 2. The dissociation of water |
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7.00x10'-14 |
Ion product constant of water at 25'C |
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True or False: Amino acid is amphiprotic |
True |
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Zwitterion |
an ionic species that has both a positive and negative charge |
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Isoelectric point |
Point of species in which no net migration occurs in an electric field |
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