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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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TEETH AR COMPRISED OF?
CROWN MAY HAVE PERMANENT TEETH MAY HAVE DECIDUOUS TEETH MAY HAVE |
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The teeth are comprised of a crown and one or more roots, depending on the tooth itself. The crown may have a ‘chisel-like’ edge or one or more points known as cusps. Humans have 2 sets of dentition during their lifetime, the deciduous and permanent. With the permanent teeth there are 4 major tooth types.
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OUTLINE THE EDGES OF EACH TYPE OF TOOTH
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These are the incisors (I) with the horizontal incisor edge, the canines (C) with 1 large ‘dagger-like’ cusp, the pre-molar (PM) with 2 cusps of different sizes and molars (M) with 4/5 cusps.
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HOW MANY TEETH IN DECIDUOUS DENTITION
HOW MANY IN PERMANENT |
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DECIDUOUS 20
PERMANENT 32 |
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5 DIFFRENT POINTS FOR GIVING A TOOTH ITS FULL ANATOMICAL NAME
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• Position within the mouth (upper or lower/ maxillary or mandibular)
• Which side of the mouth it’s from (left or right) • Its relative position within the mouth compared with other teeth (first or second etc or alternatively central or lateral, in the case of the canine as there is only 1 then this is can be left out) • Dentition (permanent or deciduous) • Name of the tooth (incisor, canine, pre-molar, molar) |
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OUTLINE THE OTHER METHODS FOR NAMING THE TEETH
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. The alphanumeric or Zsigmondy system (seen in the picture right) names the quadrents of the teeth UR, LR, UL, LL with the individual teeth being given a number from 1 (the central incisor) to 8 (the 3rd molar) in permanent teeth and A to E in deciduous teeth
FDI system. This system reduces the teeth to 2 single digits according to their position. |
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STATE THE KEY IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF THE UL/R 1
MAXILLARY 1ST CENTRAL INCISOR |
SIZE OF CROWN
VESTIBULAR VIEW ANGLES OF EDGES LINGUAL SURFACE WHEN VIEWED MESIALLY DISTALLY/SHAPES ROOTS (UNDULATION) |
The crown is by far the largest of the four incisors, being almost as wide as it is long. When viewed vestibularly it has a smooth surface and is usually slightly convex. The mesio-incisal angle is sharp and the disto-incisal angle more rounded.
The lingual surface is concave with mesial and distal marginal ridges which meet at the neck (cervix) of the tooth forming a convex cingulum (shown in the picture left). When viewed mesially or distally, the crown appears wedge-shaped and leans lingually. The cervical region undulates on the mesial and distal sides of the tooth, the mesial undulation being greater than the distal (as shown in the picture right). One tapering root which, when looked at in cross-section, is roughly triangular with rounded angles. There is only one root canal but two pulp horns (cornua), one mesial and one distal. Externally, if a groove is present it will be more prominent on the distal side. |
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STATE ITS INITIAL CALCIFICATION AND ROOT COMPLETION
CROWN COMPLETION ERUPTION TO OCCLUSION |
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Initial calcification
3-4 months Crown completion 4-5 years Eruption into occlusion 7-8 years Root completion 10 years |
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MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISIOR, GIVE ITS VARIOUS NAMES
STATE ITS PRINCIPLE IDENTIFYING FEATURES |
VESTIBULAR OUTLINE
GENERAL SHAPE CERVICAL REGION ANGLES SURFACE LENGTH CROWN SHAPE MARGINAL RIDGES UNDULATION ROOT |
[FDI: right=12, left=22. AlphaNumeric: right=UR2, left=UL2]
The vestibular outline is not as rectangular as that of the central incisor, the lateral being a much less bulky and more slender tooth. The cervical region is narrowed mesio-distally, giving a long mesial surface with a sharp mesio-incisal angle and a short distal surface with a pronounced rounding of the disto-incisal angle as shown in the picture right. The crown appears wedge-shaped when viewed mesially or distally. The lingual surface has two pronounced marginal ridges. Sometimes, where the ridges meet at the cervix, they enclose a depression or fossa. As with the central incisor the cervical undulation is greater on the mesial surface. One tapering root, similar in cross-section to the central incisor although more flattened. One root canal with two pulp horns, one mesial and one distal. Externally, the distal groove is more prominent than the mesial. |
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OUTLINE THE MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR CHRONOLOGY
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Initial calcification 10-12 months
Crown completion 4-5 years Eruption into occlusion 8-9 years Root completion 11 years |
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MAXILLLARY PERMANENT CANINE
IDENTIFY ITS PRINCIPLE FEATURES |
INCISAL SURFACE
VESTIBULAR SURFACE SLOPES BULBOUS RIDGES AND FOSSAE UNDULATION ROOTS PROMINENT GROOVE |
Unlike the central and lateral incisors, the crown comes to a point or cusp at the incisal surface.
The vestibular surface is convex and has a mesial slope and a distal slope, the distal slope being the longer of the two. The distal surface is also more bulbous than the mesial surface, as seen in the picture right. The lingual surface has marginal ridges, a large cingulum and a mesial and distal fossa, the latter being the deeper of the two, as shown in the picture left. Cervical undulation is greater on the mesial surface. One long, tapering root, similar in cross-section to the central incisor. One root canal. No pulp horn. The distal groove is more prominent than the mesial. |
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OUTLINE MAXILLARY CANINE CHRONOLOGY
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Initial calcification 4-5 months
Crown completion 5.5-6.5 years Eruption into occlusion 11-12 years Root completion 13-15 years |
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MAXILLARY 1ST PREMOLAR
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CUSPS AND SIZES
SLOPES GROOVES DEPRESSIONS |
The crown has two cusps, one vestibular and one lingual. The vestibular cusp is the larger of the two and somewhat similar to the maxillary canine.
The mesial slope, however, is longer than the distal slope. The tip of the lingual cusp (when viewed from the lingual side) is seen to be displaced mesially, as seen in the picture right. When viewed mesially a developmental groove can be seen between the two cusps and a depression between the roots known as the 'canine fossa' reaches to the cervical margin, as shown in the picture left. As is the case with both upper premolars, the general plan of the crown is flattened mesio-distally and the cusps sit directly above the root, shown here right. Unlike the other premolars the upper first has two roots, one vestibular one lingual. Sometimes these may be fused. They may also bend distally at the apex. Two root canals and two pulp horns. |
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STATE THE CHRONOLGY FOR THE MAXILLARY 1ST PREMOLAR
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Initial calcification 18-21 months
Crown completion 5-6 years Eruption into occlusion 10-11 years Root completion 12-13 years |
