Tortora Chapter 3 Quiz

The three principal parts of the cell are the _____, _____, & _____.

_____ refers to programmed cell death, whereas _____ refers to cell death resulting from tissue injury

The fluid portion of cytoplasm is the _____.

List three causes of cellular aging.

Duplicated chromosomes held together by centromeres are called chromatids. (T/F)

The sodium pump is an example of primary active transport. (T?F)

The basic structural unit of the plasma membrane is the _______.

a. lipid
b. integral protein
c. cholesterol molecule
d. peripheral protein
e. glycoprotein-glycolipid complex

Integral proteins can function in the cell membrane in all the following ways except ______.

a. as a channel
b. as a transporter
c. as a receptor
d. as an exocytosis vesicle
e. as a cell-identify marker

Which of the following factors influence the diffusion rate of substances through a plasma membrane?

1. concentration gradient
2. diffusion distance
3. surface area
4. size of diffusing substance
5. temperature

A cell would lose water volume & shrink if placed in _________.

a. a hypertonic solution
b. a hypotonic solution
c. an isotonic solution
d. a hydrophobic solution
e. an ionic solution

Which of the following statements regarding the nucleus are true?

1. Nucleoli within the nucleus are the sites of ribosome synthesis

2. Most of the cell's hereditary units, called genes, are located within the nucleus

3. The nuclear membrane is a solid, impermeable membrane

4. Protein synthesis occurs within the nucleus

5. In non-dividing cells, DNA is found in the nucleus in the form of chromatin

cytoplasmic division

Somatic cell division resulting in identical daughter cells.

Reproductive cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half

Stage of cell division when replication of DNA occurs

Stage when chromatin fibers condense & shorten to form chromosomes

Stage when centromeres split 7 sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell

Stage when centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the center of the mitotic spindle?

Stage when chromosomes uncoil & revert to chromatin.

DNA region that does not code for synthesis of a part of a protein.

DNA region that codes for synthesis of a part of a protein

enzyme that removes all introns & joins remaining exons

nucleotide sequence, located near the beginning of a gene, that indicates where transcription begins; RNA polymerase attachment site

the copying of the DNA message onto messenger RNA

joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes

binds to amino acids & holds them in place on a ribosome to be incorporated into a protein

nucleotide sequence near the end of a gene that indicates where transcription ends; releases RNA polymerase

reading a messenger RNA for protein synthesis

enzyme that catalyzes transcription of DNA

a transcribed sequence of three RNA nucleotides

directs synthesis of a protein

membrane enclosed vesicles formed in the Golgi complex that contain strongly hydrolytic enzymes

network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm, providing cellular shape & organization

sites of protein synthesis

contain enzymes that break apart uneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins into small peptides

site where secretary proteins& membranes molecules are synthesized

membrane-enclosed vesicles that contain enzymes that oxidize various organic substances

microtubular structures extending from the plasma membrane & involved in the movement of materials along the cell's surface

modifies, sorts, packages, & transports molecules synthesized in the rough ER

an organizing center for growth of the mitotic spindle

function in ATP generation

functions in synthesizing fatty acids & steroids, helping liver cells release glucose into the bloodstream, & detoxification

passive transport in which a solute binds to a specific transporter on one side of the membrane & is released on the other side

movement of materials out of the cell by fusing of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

the random mixing of particles in a solution due to the kinetic energy of the particles

transport of substances either into or out of the cell by means of a small, spherical membranous sac formed by budding off from existing membranes

uses energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP to change the shape of a transporter protein, which "pumps" a substance across a cellular membrane against its concentration gradient

vesicular movement involving endocytosis on one side of a cell & subsequent exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell

type of endocytosis that involves the nonselective uptake of tiny droplets of extracellular fluid

type of endocytosis in which large solid particles are taken in

movement of water from an area of higher to an area of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

process that allows a cell to take specific ligands from the ECF by forming vesicles

indirectly uses energy obtained from the breakdown of ATP; involves symporters & antiporters