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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antagnostic Hormones
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Hormones that interact with each other. Hormone levels can be controlled by the interaction of hormones that have opposing physiological properties.
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Steroid Hormones
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Manufactured from cholesterol. Has a central structure of four carbon rings and are fat soluable through the membrane of the receptor cell.
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Non-steroid Hormones
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Composed of either proteins, peptides, or amino acids. They bind to receptors on the surface of target cells.
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Exocrine Gland
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Release their secretions through ducts or tubes. Examples include: sweat glands, salivary glands, and tear glands
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Endocrine Gland
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ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
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Hypothalamus
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a part of the brain connected to the pituitary gland which continuously monitors the state of the body's internal environment and regulate pituitary activity
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In what ways does caffeine affect the body?
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-Inhibits the breakdown of cyclic AMP
-Cyclic AMP accumulates in the cytoplasm -Mimics the stimulating affects of other hormones such as adrenaline |
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What are the processes that the hypothalumus and pituitary gland control?
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- metabolic rate
-kidney function -appetite -mental alertness -reproduction -growth and development |
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Portal System
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- the network of blood vessels that connects the pituitary gland to the nervous system
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Tropic Hormones
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-hormones that are produced by the pituitary gland which are used to regulate the hormone production of many other endocrine glands in the body (example: TSH)
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What cells does the anterior pituitary form from during embryo development?
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formed from cells from the roof of the mouth that migrate toward the brain.
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What is the posterior pituitary formed from?
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neural tissue
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What hormones are produced from the anterior pituitary?
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-FSH and LH
-HGH -PRL -ACTH -TSH |
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What hormones are produced from the posterior pituitary?
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-Oxytocin
-ADH |
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Human Growth Hormone
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-non steroid hormone
-sometimes referred to as somatotropin |
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How does HGH cause the body to grow and develop?
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- increasing intestinal absorption of calcium
-increasing cell division and development -stimulating protein synthesis and lipid metabolism |
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Because HGH is a tropic level hormone, what parts of the body does it trigger long term growth and development in?
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-Liver and tissues
-bone and cartilage |
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What causes pituitary dwarfism?
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-insufficient HGH production during childhood
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What makes pituitary dwarfism different than genetic dwarfism?
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-body proportions are normal and puberty may be delayed or not happen at all.
-could be the result of a pituitary tumour or total absense of pituitary gland |
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How do scientists and health professionals create HGH for treatment of pituitary dwarfism?
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-biotechnology
-inserting sections of DNA that code for HGH into strains of bacteria -bacteria rapidly produce HGH as a waste product |
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What does an excess of HGH production prior to puberty lead to?
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-gigantism
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What are the main symptoms of gigantism and how can it be treated?
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-abnormal growth of long bones in the skeleton
-removal of a pituitary tumour or irradiation of gland tissue |
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What is the condition called when an adult experiences excess amounts of HGH?
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-agromegaly
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What are the symptoms of agromegaly?
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- excessive thickening of bone tissue
-abnormal growth of the head, hands, and feet as well as spinal deformities |
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Prolactin
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-non steroid hormone produced by the anterior pituitary and by the immune, brain and pregnant uterus in smaller quantities
-stimulates the development of mammary glands to produce milk |
