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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Students of information systems generally focus on application software. Students of __________ generally focus on system software.
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computer science
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Configuring hardware and system software is an activity of the UP __________ discipline.
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deployment
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IS students and professionals should be familiar with professional societies, such as __________, __________, and __________.
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ACM, AITP, IEEE Computer Society
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Selecting hardware, network components, and system software is an activity of the UP __________ discipline.
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design or architectural design
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Typically, a(n) __________ is responsible for a large computer center and all the software running in it.
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computer operations manager
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The computer specialties most concerned with hardware and the hardware-software interface are __________ and computer engineering.
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computer science
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During the UP __________ disciplines, the business, its environment, and user requirements are defined and modeled.
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business modeling and requirements
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The job titles of people responsible for developing application software include __________, __________, and __________.
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programmer, systems analyst, and systems designer
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A(n) ____________ generally supports more simultaneous users than a(n) ____________. Both are designed to support more than one user.
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mainframe, minicomputer
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A(n) ____________ is a storage location implemented in the CPU.
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register
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The term ____________ refers to storage devices, not located in the CPU, that hold instructions and data of currently running programs.
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memory or main memory
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A problem-solving procedure that requires executing one or more comparison and branch instructions is called a(n) ____________.
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algorithm
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A(n) ____________ is a command to the CPU to perform one processing function on one or more data inputs.
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instruction
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The term ____________ describes the collection of storage devices that hold large quantities of data for long periods.
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secondary storage
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A(n) ____________ is a computer that manages shared resources and allows other computers to access them through a network.
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server
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A program that solves a(n) ____________ requires no branching instructions.
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formula
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The major components of a CPU are the ____________, ____________, and ____________.
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control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers
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Primary storage can also be called ____________ and is generally implemented with ____________.
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memory or main memory, RAM
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A set of instructions that’s executed to solve a specific problem is called a(n) ____________.
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program
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A(n) ____________ typically uses the latest and most expensive technology.
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supercomputer
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A(n) ____________ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.
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cluster
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A(n) ____________ is a group of dissimilar computer systems, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run an application.
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grid
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A (n) ____________ consists of computing resources with a Web-based front-end interface to a large collection of computing and data resources.
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cloud
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A(n) ____________ is a hardware device that enables a computer to communicate with users or other computers.
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I/O device
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A CPU is a(n) ____________ processor capable of performing many different tasks simply by changing the program.
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general-purpose
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The __________ is the “plumbing” that connects all computer system components.
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system bus
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The CPU ____________ program instructions one at a time.
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executes
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The term ____________ describes a computer system’s components and their interactions.
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systems architecture
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Most programs are written in a(n) ____________, such as C or Java, which is then translated into equivalent CPU instructions.
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programming language
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Resource allocation and direct hardware control are the responsibilities of a(n) ____________.
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operating system
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____________ software is general-purpose software. ____________ software is specialized for specific user needs.
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system, application
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A(n) ____________ consists of hardware and software components that enable multiple users and computers to share information, software, and hardware resources.
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computer network
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An element in a(n) __________ contains pointers to both the next and previous list elements.
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doubly linked list
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__________ notation encodes a real number as a mantissa multiplied by a power (exponent) of 2.
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floating-point
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A(n) __________ is an integer stored in double the normal number of bit positions.
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double-precision integer
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Increasing a numeric representation format’s size (number of bits) increases the _____________ of values that can be represented.
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numeric range
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Assembly (machine) language programs for most computers use __________ notation to represent memory address values.
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hexadecimal
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A(n) __________ is a data item composed of multiple primitive data items.
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data structure
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In some IBM mainframe computers, characters are encoded according to the __________ coding scheme.
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EBCDIC
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A(n) __________ is the address of another data item or structure.
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pointer
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In a positional numbering system, the __________ separates digits representing whole number quantities from digits representing fractional quantities.
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radix point
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A(n) __________ is an array of characters.
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string
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Most Intel CPUs use the _____________ , in which each memory address is represented by two integers.
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segmented memory model
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A set of data items that can be accessed in a specified order by using pointers is called a(n) __________.
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linked list or index
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A(n) __________ contains 8 __________.
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byte, bits
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A(n) __________ list stores one pointer with each list element.
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singly linked list
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The result of adding, subtracting, or multiplying two integers might result in overflow but never __________ or __________.
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underflow, truncation
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A(n) __________ is a sequence of primitive data elements stored in sequential storage locations.
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array
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A(n) __________ is a data structure composed of other data structures or primitive data elements, commonly used as a unit of input and output to and from files or databases.
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record
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A(n) __________ data item can contain only the values true or false.
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Boolean
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A(n) __________ is an array of data items, each of which contains a key value and a pointer to another data item.
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index
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Many computers implement __________ numeric data types to increase accuracy and prevent overflow and underflow.
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double-precision
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Unlike ASCII and EBCDIC, __________ is a 16-bit or 32-bit character coding table.
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Unicode
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The__________ is the bit of lowest magnitude in a byte or bit string.
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least significant bit
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__________ occurs when the result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the number of bits available to store it.
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Overflow
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In a CPU, _____________ arithmetic generally is easier to implement than _____________ arithmetic because of a simpler data coding scheme and data manipulation circuitry.
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integer, floating-point
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In the __________, memory addresses consist of a single integer.
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flat memory model
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The __________ has defined a character-coding table called __________, which combines the ASCII-7 coding table with an additional 128 Western European multinational characters.
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ISO, Latin-1
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Data represented in _____________ is transmitted accurately between computer equipment from different manufacturers if each computer’s CPU represents real numbers by using an IEEE standard notation.
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floating-point notation
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The ordering of characters in a coding table is called a(n) __________.
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collating sequence
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A(n) __________ is a data structure containing both static data and methods.
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class
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A(n) __________ is one instance or variable of a class.
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object
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The __________ time of a processor is 1 divided by the clock rate (in Hz).
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cycle
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A CPU typically uses multiple __________ to account for differences in the number and type of operands in instructions.
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instruction formats
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__________ generates heat in electrical devices.
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Resistance
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__________ is a semiconducting material with optical properties.
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Gallium arsenide
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A(n) __________ is an electrical switch built of semiconducting materials.
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transistor
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A(n) __________ improves heat dissipation by providing a thermal mass and a large thermal transfer surface.
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heat sink
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One __________ is one cycle per second.
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hertz (Hz)
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Applying a(n) __________ OR transformation to input bit values 1 and 1 generates true. Applying a(n) __________ OR transformation to the same inputs generates false.
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inclusive, exclusive
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When an instruction is first fetched from memory, it’s placed in the __________ and then ___________ to extract its components.
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instruction register, decoded
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Using __________ instructions simplifies the process of instruction fetching and decoding.
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fixed-length
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A(n) __________ is an electrical circuit that implements a Boolean or other primitive processing function on single bit inputs.
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gate
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A microchip containing all the components of a CPU is called a(n) __________.
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microprocessor
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A(n) __________ instruction transforms the bit pairs 1/1, 1/0, and 0/1 into 1.
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(inclusive) OR
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The address of the next instruction to be fetched by the CPU is held in the __________.
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instruction pointer
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The contents of a memory location are copied to a register while performing a(n) __________ operation.
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load
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A(n) __________ or __________ contains multiple transistors or gates in a single sealed package.
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integrated circuit, microchip
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A(n) __________ instruction always alters the instruction execution sequence. A(n) __________ instruction alters the instruction execution sequence only if a specified condition is true.
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unconditional BRANCH, conditional BRANCH
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A(n) __________ processor doesn’t directly implement complex instructions.
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RISC
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A(n) __________ instruction copies data from one memory location to another.
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MOVE
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The CPU incurs one or more __________ when it is idle, pending the completion of an operation by another device in the computer system.
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wait states
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A(n) __________ is the number of bits the CPU processes simultaneously. It also describes the size of a single register.
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word
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In many CPUs, a register called the __________ stores bit flags representing CPU and program status, including those representing processing errors and the results of comparison operations.
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program status word (PSW)
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The components of an instruction are its __________ and one or more __________.
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op code, operands
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Two 1-bit values generate a 1 result value when a(n) __________ instruction is executed. All other input pairs generate a 0 result value.
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AND
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A(n) __________ CPU typically uses variable-length instructions and has a large instruction set.
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CISC
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A(n) __________ operation transforms a 0-bit value to 1 and a 1-bit value to 0.
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NOT
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__________ predicts that transistor density will double every two years or less.
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Moore’s Law
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A(n) __________ is a measure of CPU or computer system performance when performing specific tasks.
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benchmark
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__________ is a CPU design technique in which instruction execution is divided into multiple stages and different instructions can execute in different stages simultaneously.
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Pipelining
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