Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which one is classified as a heterotroph?
a. algae b. minerals c. plants d. mushrooms |
d. mushrooms
|
|
|
In trophic structures, as omnivores humans are
|
primary and secondary consumers
|
|
|
in general biomes are
|
climax communities
|
|
|
What is the nutritional relationship among producers and consumers in an ecosystem?
|
trophic structure
|
|
|
What is ecology?
|
study of relationships between organisms and the living and non-living factors in their environment
|
|
|
Population
|
group of organisms of the SAME SPECIES that live in one area during a specific time
|
|
|
Community
|
all biotic, the combination of all the populations living in an area and interacting with eachother
|
|
|
Ecosystem
|
the living community and its environment
|
|
|
Abiotic factors are?
|
non living componenets
|
|
|
Biotic Factors
|
all of the living organisms in an ecosystem
|
|
|
Biosphere
|
the portion of earth where life exists
|
|
|
to be organic?
|
needs to contain carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
an ecosystem is a self sustaining unit if the following conditions are met (2)
|
1. relatively constant source of energy
2. organic and inorganic nutrients need to be recycled |
|
|
What two things do plants use for photsynthesis?
|
h20 and co2
|
|
|
Autotroph
|
organisms that can synthesize food from inorganic molecules
|
|
|
Heterotrophs
|
organisms which cannot synthesize food
|
|
|
Heterotrophs are dependent on?
|
other organisms for food
|
|
|
4 types of heterotrophs
|
1. Saprophytes / Decomposer
2. Herbivores 3. Carnivores 4. Omnivores |
|
|
What are saprophytes/decomposers?
|
organisms that act as decomposers by absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter
ex: mushrooms fungi |
|
|
What are herbivores?
|
plant eaters
ex: rabbits deer |
|
|
What are carnivores?
|
eat other animals
|
|
|
What are the two types of carnivores?
|
predators and scavengers
|
|
|
what are predators?
|
hunt and kill other animals for food
|
|
|
what are scavengers?
|
search out already dead or already dying organisms for food
|
|
|
What are omnivores?
|
eat both plants and animals
ex: many humans |
|
|
Food chain?
|
involves the transfer of energy from green plants through a series of organisms with repeated stages of eating or being eaten
|
|
|
What is the first step of the food chain?
|
Producers
|
|
|
Producers are also called?
|
autotrophs
|
|
|
Producers are on what trophic level?
|
First trophic level
|
|
|
the second trophic level is the ?
|
Primary consumers
|
|
|
Primary consumers are also called?
|
heterotrophs
|
|
|
primary consumers/heterotrophs are ?
|
organisms that consume producers
|
|
|
Secondary consumers are also called?>
|
heterotrophs
|
|
|
secondary consumers consume
|
primary consumers
|
|
|
What trophic level are secondary consumers?
|
3rd trophic level
|
|
|
Decomposers are also called?
|
heterotrophs
|
|
|
decomposers come at ?
|
the end of every food chain
|
|
|
decomposers are on what trophic level?
|
no designated trophic level
|
|
|
A food web is?
|
many interconnected food chains in an ecosystem, non linear
|
|
|
Ecological pyramids
|
illustrate relationship between producers and consumers by indicating the decrease in numbers, biomass, or energy at each trophic level
|
|
|
What does the 10% rule mean? (2 things)
|
90% of energy is lost (as heat) as you move up each level of the pyramid
only 10% is maintained for further use |
|
|
Symbiotic relationships are when?
|
different types of organisms live together in a close relationship (different species)
|
|
|
The ______ refers to the smaller participant
|
symbiont
|
|
|
The host is the ____ part of the relationshio
|
host
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships?
|
Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism
|
|
|
What is commensalism?
|
symbiont (smaller) benefits, host is neither helped or harmed
|
|
|
Mutualism is?
|
both symbiont and host benefit ex: birds on rhinos ( birds eat bugs on rhinos, clean rhino nourished bird)
|
|
|
What is Parasitism?
|
the symbiont benefits, the host is harmed
ex: fleas on dogs |
|
|
In the carbon cycle, _______, ________, and ______ are cycled by the processes of ______ and __________
|
in the carbon cycle, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are cycled by the processes of respiration and photosynthesis
|
|
|
in the carbon cycle, the?
|
carbon and hydrogen in glucose react with the oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
|
|
|
the formula for glucose is?
|
C6 H12 O6
|
|
|
when the carbon and hydrogen in glucose react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, the formula is what?
|
C6 H12 O6 + O2 --> CO2 H2O
|
|
|
Photosynthesis is when?
|
H2O and CO2 with the energy from the sun are combined to form glucose and oxygen
|
|
|
when H2O and CO2 with the energy from the sun are combined to form glucose and oxygen the formula is ?
|
H2O + CO2 + SUN --> O2 +C6 H12 O6
|
|
|
The water cycle is vital to?
|
all living things
|
|
|
The water cycle is a primary?
|
limiting factor within any ecosystem --> the amount of water is directly related to the amount of life
|
|
|
What are the 6 processes that the water cycle involves?
|
Photosynthesis
Precipitaiton Evaporation Condensation Respiration Transpiration |
|
|
What is precipitation?
|
when liquid water falls- snow, rain, etc
|
|
|
What is evaporation?
|
liquid water becomes water vapor
|
|
|
What is condensation?
|
when water vapor becomes liquid water
|
|
|
What is transpiration?
|
the evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant, *type of evap*
|
|
|
phosperous is part of ?
|
DNA
|
|
|
Nitrogen is necessary for the production of ?
|
protein
|
|
|
protein is an ?
|
essential building block of all living things
|
|
|
Nitrogen cycle
|
1. decomposers and other soil bacteria break down and convert nitrogeneous wastes into materials used by autotrophs
|
|
|
Biome is a type of ?
|
climax community ecosystem forms in geographic regions of similar climatic conditions
|
|
|
two types of biomes?
|
land (terrestrial) water (aquatic)
|
|
|
Land biomes are characterized by?
|
climax vegetation in the region
|
|
|
What are the 5 determining factors of what types of plants are in land biomes?
|
precipitation
light altitude lattitude temperature |
|
|
What biome do we live in?
|
Temperate Deciduous Forest
|
|
|
What does temperate mean?
|
seasons (hot summers cold winters)
|
|
|
what is decid and how does it related to our biome?
|
decid- to cut off: our primary vegetation in our biome are trees- leaves fall off of trees
|
|
|
Aquatic and Water Biomes represent..?
|
the largest ecosystems on earth
|
|
|
___% of the earths surface is covered by?
|
70 water
|
|
|
which are more stable land are water?
|
water
|
|
|
what are the 3 factors affecting the kinds and number of organisms in water biomes?
|
1. dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide (nutrients) from respiration and photosynthesis
2. temperature 3. light |
|
|
Primary succession begins in?
|
virtually lifeless soil
|
|
|
The soil is not yet?
|
filled with nutrients needed to cycle through self-sustaining ecosystem
|
|
|
What is an example of primary succession?
|
volcanic island
|
|
|
What is an example of primary succession?
|
volcanic island
|
|
|
What are pioneer species?
|
first organisms settling in
|
|
|
pioneer species must be (2 things)
|
very simple organisms
live off new materials |
|
|
What do pioneer species do to the environment?
|
modify the environment so more complex organisms can settle
|
|
|
what are the 2 ways that pioneer species modify the environment >
|
add nutrients
modify soil--- from bacteria to a full ecosystem takes verrrrry long time |
|
|
Secondary Succession occurs where?
|
an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance
|
|
|
The soil is still ____ meaning that all _____ are still there
|
intact, processes (nitrogen carbon water)
|
|
|
Pioneer species are more complex in secondary or primary succession?
|
secondary succession
|
|
|
Climax Community is the end of _______, and contintues until?
|
succession, a catastrophe or a change alters or destroys it
|
|
|
each biome is a different?
|
climax community
|
