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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Valgus Stress Test
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- stress MCL
- elbow flexed 20-30 degrees with forearm supinated, apply force distally - (+) if play in joint/still considered (-) if pain present |
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Varus Stress Test
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- stress LCL
- elbow flexed 20-30 degrees with forearm supinated, apply force distally - (+) if play in joint/still considered (-) if pain present |
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Active Tennis Elbow Test/Long Finger Test
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- actively have pt extend, radially deviate, supinate wrist and apply a break test
- (+) if pain reproduced - very reliable - Long Finger Test performed in same manner |
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Perform Active or Passive Tennis Elbow Test First?
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Active
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Passive Tennis Elbow Test
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- passively flex wrist and ulnarly deviate
- (+) if pain reproduced |
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*Active Golfer's Elbow Test
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- pt actively flexes wrist with ulnar deviation while making a fist
- (+) if pain reproduced |
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*Passive Golfer's Elbow Test
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- passively ext wrist and supinate arm with elbow extended
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Elbow Flexion Test & Nerve Tested
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- tests Ulnar Nerve
- subject is instructed to maximally flex arm and hold - symptoms usually appear in first 15-30 seconds (if it takes longer then 30 seconds then it won't happen) - (+) indicative of cubital fossa syndrome if pain is reproduced |
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Muscles Affected by Pinch Grip Test
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- weakness to 1st and 2nd FDP, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus
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Pinch Grip Test and Nerve Tested
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- have pt pinch thumb to tip of index finger
- (+) if they do pad-to-pad and not tip-to-tip - issue with Anterior Interosseous Nerve |
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Long Finger Flexor Test
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ACTIVE
- hold PIP and ask them to flex the DIP - (+) if can't they can't flex the DIP - issue with FDP - if they can't do PIP - FDS & FDP problem - if they can't do DIP - Flexor Digitorum/nerve problem |
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Retinacular Ligament Test
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PASSIVE
- hold DIP and flex PIP, if PIP won't flex then attempt to flex DIP, if DIP won't flex then its due to joint constriction (-) - if DIP doesn't flex when in extension but flexes when PIP is in a flexed position then its due to muscle tightness (+) |
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Allen's Test
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- measures circulation
- ask pt to pump hand open & closed, PT compresses Radial and Ulnar arteries - release 1 side & look for a flush, then redo & release the other side - flush should appear in 3-5 seconds after release (+) if blood doesn't return |
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Phalen's Test/Reverse Phalen's Test & Nerve Tested
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- have pt push backs of hands together with fingers pointed down (reverse prayer pose) and hold for 1 minute
- (+) if reproduction of numbness due to Median nerve compression |
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Varus/Valgus Testing Fingers
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- testing collateral ligaments
- stabilize proximal phalange and stress varus/valgus of joint - (+) is increased gapping |
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Murphy's Sign
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- actively make a fist,
- want nice semicircular shape of knuckles - (+) if not curvature because of dislocated lunate (if 3rd knuckle is straight) |
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Froment's Sign and Nerve/Muscle Tested
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- test of Ulnar nerve
- pinch a piece of paper between thumb and 1st finger vertically, want tumb to stay level while you try to pull paper from grasp - (+) if they flex thumb to get Flexor Pollicis Longus instead of Adductor Pollicis Longus |
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Finklestein Test & Muscles Tested (What is the Medical Condition Called?)
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- can be active or passive
- take thumb and fold into fist, then ulnar deviate - affects AbPL, EPB, EPL causing pain in area (+) - known as de Quervain's Tendinitis |
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Tinel's Sign (Elbow/Wrist)
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- you can do this over any nerve to check if the nerve is irritated at that site
- start proximal or distal (not right on it) and work your way up to the most affected site |
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Compression Test
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- compress nerve root in IV foramina
- for radicular pain (arthritis in neck/spine) - (+) for radicular pain, not arthritis (can do sidebending/Spurlings test if caused by neck pain) |
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Distraction Test
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- palms on mastoid process, lift up for a few seconds, hold & release down gently
- should relieve symptoms |
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Spurling's Test
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- sidebending, rotation, & extension with compression
- closes ipsilateral side - (+) for radicular pain |
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Swallowing Test
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- put fingers on either side of Adam's apple, pt swallow, pain in anterior neck
- (+) with reproduction of pain |
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Vertebral Artery Test
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- pt supine with eyes open and head off of bed, move head into flexion, sidebend, & rotate
- "look at me" (+) if you feel nausea/dizziness/ringing of ear - compression of ipsilateral Vertebral artery - tests for Vertebral Basilar Insufficiency |
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Alar Ligament Test
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- test 2 ligaments that hold dens to C1
- perform with pts with neck pain secondary to trauma, RA, Down Syndrome Test - call doctor immediately if (+)! - find nuchal line, come to C2 spinous process, passively sidebend, spinous process should move - (+) if process doesn't move at all |
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Valsalva Manuver
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- can aggravate IV disc problems (radiculopathy)
- when you hold breathe and bear down, cough, sneeze - (+) if pain is reproduced |
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Tests for TOS
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- Adson's Test
- Allen's Test/Hyperabduction Test - Roo Test - Military Position Test |
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Adson's Test
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- find Radial pulse, ER shoulder and extend arm, turn your head to side (testing scalenes), hold breathe = decrease in pulse strength
- (+) if pain is reproduced |
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Allen's Test
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- find pulse with 90 degrees shoulder abduction, 90 degrees elbow flexion, extend shoulder
- suppose to have more pain located at pecs |
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Roo Test
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- shoulder 90 degrees abduction, elbow 90 degrees flexion, open and close hands for 3 minutes
- (+) diminished pulse and reproduced sx |
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Military Position Test
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- palpate pulse, stand up squeeze shoulder blades together & elevate head while breathing in
- suppose to indicate clavicle & 1st rib - diminished pulse and reproduced sx |
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AP Rib Compression Test
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- don't do if they hav fx ribs
- can irritate chrondro or costovertebral joints - one hand on each side of lat, inf rib cage and check for mobility/swing - (+) if you reproduce pain |
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Ankolosing Spondylitis
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- autoimmune
- rheumatoid problem - degenerative condition of spine and ribs stiffen up and loose density |
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Spondylosis
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arthritis of spine
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Speed's Test
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- test long head of biceps for tendinitis
- resist shoulder flexion at 90 degrees with arm supinated |
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Yergason's Test
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- test long head of biceps for tendinitis
- similar to hitch hiking with arm at side and elbow flexed to 90 degrees and thumbs pointed out with fist - PT tries to apply resistance in IR direction with elbow extension - (+) if pain reproduced or tendon pops out |
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Drop Arm Test
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- rotator cuff involvement
- place pts arm in 90 degrees abduction, have them lower arm slowly - (+) unable to do it slowly |
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Empty/Full Can Test
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- rotator cuff involvement
- arms in 90 degrees scaption, shoulder IR with arm pronated - PT applies downward pressure - (+) is if pain is reproduced |
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Neer Impingement
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- PT PROM, stabilize scapula and flex arm up to 180 degrees with thumb down
- (+) if pain is reproduced, apprehension (pt leans back) |
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Hawkins-Kennedy Test
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- best test to use for impingement with PT PROM, arm 90 degrees flexed, elbow 90 degrees flexed , adduct arm in front of face, IR shoulder by pressing down on hand
- (+) if pain is reproduced, apprehension (pt leans back) |
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Tests for Impingement
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- Neer Impingement
- Hawkins-Kennedy Test - Crossover Impingement |
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Crossover Impingement
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- PT stabilizes scapula and passively moves arm to 90 degrees flexion, then adduction while applying pressure
- (+) indicative of pain in AC joint, rotator cuff tear, or posterior GH capsule tightness |
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Tests for Instability
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- AC Joint Compression/Distraction Test
- Sulcus Sign - Load & Shift Test Anterior Drawer Test - Posterior Drawer Test - Anterior Apprehension Test - Relocation Test - Posterior Apprehension Test |
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AC Joint Compression
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- place hands anterior & posterior side and compress hands together, noting any movement in AC joint
- (+) if pain is reproduced/AC joint movement - indicative of coracoclavicular or acromioclavicular ligament sprain |
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AC Joint Distraction Test
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- arm sits at side, elbow flexed at 90 degrees
- downward pressure applied to arm, noting any acromioclavicular movement - (+) if pain reproduced or movement to the scapular inferior to the clavicle - indicative of acromioclavicular or coracolavicular ligament sprain |
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Sulcus Sign
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- distraction of humerous
- (+) if a sulcus develops inferior to AC joint location |
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Load & Shift Test
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- grasp at the level of deltoid tubercle and move it forward & back, other hand pushes down on supraspinatus
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Anterior Drawer Test
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- pt in supine, grab humeral neck with arm abducted at 70 degrees/slight ER
- stabilize scapula/clavicle - anteriorly translate the humeral head, compare with other side |
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Posterior Drawer Test
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- pt in supine, grab humeral neck with arm abducted at 90 degrees/slight IR
- stabilize scapula/clavicle - posteriorly translate the humeral head, compare with other side |
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Anterior Apprehension Test
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- arm & elbow at 90 degrees flexion, PASSIVE ER to 90 degrees
- (+) is if a look of apprehension is present, guarding/resisting motion - if (+) do Relocation Test |
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Relocation Test
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- have arm abducted and elbow flexed at 90 degrees, shoulder ER
- push humeral head back - (+) if pain and apprehension is relieved |
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Posterior Apprehension Test
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- arm horizontally adducted with elbow over face and pushed down towards humeral shaft direction
- have other hand posterior to feel for humeral head - (+) is if the subject looks apprehensive or expresses feelings of apprehension towards further movement in posterior direction |
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O'Brien Test
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- move arm in flexion with adduction, IR
- (+) is when pain is in IR not ER - (-) is when pain is in IR & ER - indicative of SLAP lesion |
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Grind Test
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- have pt supine, arm and elbow flexed to 90 degrees, stand below pts arm, hand at elbow/stabilizing the shoulder, do circles with elbow
- indicative of glenoid labrum lesion - (+) grinding is present as you try to rotate the humeral head |
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Crank Test
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- PT applies load along the long axis of the humerus while proximal hand externally
and internally rotates the humerous - indicative of glenoid labrum lesion - (+) clicking noise |
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Clunk Test
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- PT passively abducts and ER the subjects are overhead and applies an anterior force to push humeral head into anterior labrum
- indicative of glenoid labrum lesion - (+) if grinding or clunking sensation |
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Chvostek Test
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- tap on Masseter muscle
- (+) if jaw twitches |
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Loading Test
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- indicative of OA of joint or problem with contractile tissue
- put cotton role between molars, ask them to bite down on it for 3-5 secs - (+) if pain reproduced - if PROM is OK then probably a muscle issue |
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ROM of Opening Mouth
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3 fingers width
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ROM of Protrusion/Retrusion
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3-6 mm
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ROM of Lateral Deviation
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10-12 mm
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Normal # of Teeth
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Adult = 32
Kids = 20 |
