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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A patient presents with gross hematuria. What should you do?
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GROSS HEMATURIA MUST ALWAYS BE INVESTIGATED.
Investigations may include urinalysis with cytology, cystoscopy, imaging. |
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What is an IVP?
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Intravenous pyelogram: contrast radiograph of the urinary system.
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What does LUTS refer to?
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Lower urinary tract symptoms.
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What does BPE stand for?
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Benign prostatic enlargement.
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What does BPH refer to?
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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What does BOO stand for?
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Bladder outlet obstruction.
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Into which 3 categories can LUTS be divided into?
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Storage symptoms
Voiding symptoms Post-micturition symptoms |
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What are the "storage symptoms" of LUTS"?
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Increased frequency
Nocturia Urgency |
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What are the "voiding symptoms" of LUTS?
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Hesitancy
Straining Slow stream Intermittent stream Terminal dribble |
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What are the "post-micturition" symptoms of LUTS?
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Dribbling
Feeling of incomplete voiding |
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What are the 2 principle pharmacological treatment options for BPH?
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Alpha adrenergic blockers (reduce smooth muscle tone)
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors |
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What does 5-alpha reductase do?
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Enzyme involved in the conversion of testosterone to DHT. DHT then goes on to promote prostate hyperplasia.
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BPH has a static and a dynamic component. Which component do alpha-adrenergic blockers work on?
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Dynamic component (they don't affect prostate size)
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BPH has a static and a dynamic component. Which component do 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors work on?
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The static component (they inhibit the conversion of testosterone to DHT)
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What does TURP refer to?
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Trans-urethral resection of the prostate.
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Give two indications for surgery in a patient with BPH.
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Urinary retention
UTIs |
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Name the guiding principle for suspected urethral traumatic injury.
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Do no further damage.
I.e. do not stick a catheter up there if there are signs of injury (e.g. blood at the meatus, high-riding prostate) |
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Name the sign you must look for on physical exam that suggests traumatic injury to the urethra.
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Blood at the meatus.
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What diagnostic test is employed to investigate traumatic injury to the urethra?
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Retrograde urethrogram (RUG)
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What diagnostic test is employed to investigate traumatic injury to the kidney?
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CT with contrast
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What imaging technique is employed to investigate suspected traumatic injury to the bladder?
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Cystogram
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