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357 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CN X innervates what muscles
|
All muscles with the work "palat" except tensor veli palitini (CN V3)
|
|
Lip testing
|
CN VII, mi-mi-mi
|
|
6th aortic arch becomes
|
Proximal part of pulmonary arteries
|
|
CN XII function
|
tongue movements
|
|
Location for lumbar puncture
|
iliac crest (between L3 - L5)
|
|
Fetal milestone within week 10
|
Genitalia have male/female characteristics
|
|
Bell's palsy
|
Peripheral ipsilateral facial paralysis
|
|
Part of cochlea that picks up low-frequency sounds
|
the apex
|
|
Function of supraoptic nucleus
|
Thist and water balance
|
|
Location of Brunner's glands
|
submucosa of duodenum
|
|
Drug used to keep PDA open
|
Prostaglandin
|
|
ACE inhibitor teratogenicity
|
Renal damage
|
|
Signs of CN XII lesion
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Tongue deviates toward side of lesion
|
|
Anterior cruciate ligaments attaches where
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Anterior tibial attachment
|
|
What has a fenestrated barrel hoop basement membrane
|
the sinusoids of the spleen
|
|
Nerves passing through internal auditory meatus
|
VII, VIII
|
|
Foramen ovale becomes
|
Fossa ovalis
|
|
Brunner's glands function
|
secrete alkaline mucus
|
|
Branchial pouch 3 develops into
|
inferior parathyroids (dorsal wings) and thymus (vental wings) (3rd pouch = 3 items (thymus + 2 parathyroids)
|
|
Direct hernia location
|
Hesselbach's triangle (medial to inferior epigastric artery)
|
|
Esophagus and vagus cross diaphgram at what level
|
T10
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to decreased thumb function (Pope's blessing)
|
Median nerve of lateral/medial cords
|
|
Neuroectoderm becomes
|
neurohypophysis, CNS neuron, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, pineal gland
|
|
Fetal milestone within week 2
|
Bilaminar disk, 2 cavities (yolk & amniotic), 2 components to placenta (cytotrophoblast/synctiotrophoblast) (Rule of 2's)
|
|
Zona adherens components
|
E-cadherin and actin filaments
|
|
Limbic system functions
|
Feeding, Fighting, Feeling, Flight, Fornication (5 F's)
|
|
Femoral triangle contents
|
femoral vein, artery, and nerve
|
|
In the womb monozygotic twins have
|
2 amniotic sacs and either 1 or 2 chorions and placentas
|
|
1st aortic arch becomes
|
Maxillary artery (1st is MAX)
|
|
Thenar muscles function
|
Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis, Flexor pollicis (OAF)
|
|
Branchial arch 1 derivatives
|
Mandible, Malleus, incus, sphenoMandibular ligament, Muscle of Mastication, Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
|
|
Lesion of optic tract causes
|
contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
|
|
low neck dermatome
|
C4
|
|
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children
|
neuroblastoma
|
|
Oligohydraminos cause
|
bilateral renal agenesis (Potter's)
|
|
Chorea
|
Sudden jerky, purposeless movements
|
|
Surface ectoderm becomes
|
adenohypophysis, lens of eye, epithelial linings, epidermis
|
|
Function of ventral posterior nucelus, lateral part (VPL)
|
body senses (proprioception, pressure, pain, touch, vibration)
|
|
Male homologue of glans clitoris
|
glans penis
|
|
Endolymph made by
|
stria vascularis
|
|
Ulnar nerve deficit sensory findings
|
Medial palm and ulnar 1.5 fingers
|
|
Polyhydraminos cause
|
esophageal/duodenal atreasia
|
|
3rd aortic arch comes
|
Common Carotid (C=3rd letter of alphabet)
|
|
skull cap dermatome
|
C2
|
|
Ulnar nerve deficit motor findings
|
Wrist flexion and adduction, impaired adduction of thumb and ulnar 2 fingers, intrinsic hand muscles (claw hand)
|
|
Abnormal opening of penis on dorsal side
|
epispadias
|
|
Hippocampus projects to
|
Subiculum (projecting to mamillary nuclei), Septal area
|
|
Hindgut
|
distal 1/3 of transverse colon to upper portion of rectum
|
|
Umbilical artery contents
|
de-oxygenated blood from iliac vessels
|
|
Umbilical cord contents
|
2 umbilical arteries, 1 umbilical vein, allantoic duct, Wharton's jelly
|
|
Passage for CN I
|
cribiform plate
|
|
Nucleus solitarius receives what
|
visceral sensory information (e.g., taste, gut distention, etc.) (CN X)
|
|
Ulnar nerve injury location
|
Medial epicondyle
|
|
CN III function
|
occulomotor, pupil constriction, accommodation, eyelid opening
|
|
Branchial arch 3 nerve
|
IX (innervates 1 muscle and nothing else --> stylopharyngeus)
|
|
Peripheral nerve layers
|
Epineurium, perineurium, Endoneurium
|
|
CN VII function
|
facial movement, anterio 2/3 taste, lacrimation, salivation (submaxiallry and submandibular glands)
|
|
EPO secreting cells of kidney
|
juxtoglomerular cells
|
|
Left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to
|
coronary sinus
|
|
5th aortic arch becomes
|
Nothing
|
|
stroke of anterior circle of Willis signs
|
general sensory and motor dysfunction, aphasia
|
|
Allontois becomes
|
Urachus or median umbilical ligament (not medial)
|
|
Cleft palate mechanism
|
Failure or fusion of lateral palatine, nasal septum, and/or palatine process
|
|
Function of anterior hypothalamus
|
Regulates cooling (Anterior Cooling = A/C)
|
|
Branchial cleft 1 derivative
|
external auditory meatus
|
|
Male homologue of vestibular bulbs
|
corpus spongiosum
|
|
Spermatid acrosome derived from
|
Golgi apparatus
|
|
Hindgut blood supply
|
inferior mesenteric
|
|
what channel has round pores (100-200 nm in diameter) with no basement membrane
|
the sinusoids of the liver
|
|
Macula adherens components
|
keratin and desmoplakin
|
|
Location for pudendal nerve block
|
ischial spine
|
|
Notochord function
|
Induces ectoderm to for neuroectoderm
|
|
Function of ventral posterior nucleus, medial part (VPM)
|
facial sensation including pain
|
|
Midgut blood supply
|
superior mesenteric
|
|
Sperm development
|
spermatogonium (diploid 2N), primary spermatocyte (diploid 4N), secondary speramatocyte (haploid 2N), spermatid (haploid N)
|
|
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults
|
Pheochromocytoma
|
|
Broad ligament of uterus contents
|
round ligaments of the uterus and ovaries and the uterine tubules and vesels
|
|
Abberant development of 3rd and 4th branchal pouches leads to
|
DiGeorge syndrome --> T cell deficiency
|
|
Hypoglossus innervates what
|
All muscles with the word "glossus" in them, except for palatoglossus (X)
|
|
Macula adherens
|
desmosome made up of keratin and desmoplakin
|
|
Spermatid flagellum derived from
|
Centriole
|
|
Branchial arch 2 nerve
|
VII
|
|
Function of ventral anterior/lateral (VA/VL) nuclei
|
motor
|
|
Hemiballismus
|
Sudden wild flailing of one arm
|
|
Consequence of lesion in arcuate fasiculus
|
Conduction aphasia; poor repitition with good comprehension; fluent speech
|
|
secretory product of Zona glomerulosa
|
aldosterone
|
|
Regulatory control of zona glomerulosa
|
Renin-angiotensin
|
|
Branchial clefts derived from
|
Ectoderm (CAP = from outside to inside Ecto/Meso/Endo=Clefts/Arches/Pouches
|
|
CN I function
|
smell
|
|
stroke of posterior circle of Willis signs
|
cranial nerve deficits (vertigo, visual deficits), coma, cerebellar deficits (ataxia)
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to deltoid paralysis
|
Axillary nerve of posterior cord
|
|
Gamma loop
|
CNS stimulates gamma-motor neuron --> contracts intrafusal fiber --> increased sensitivity of reflex arc
|
|
Paramesonephric duct develops into
|
Fallopian tube, uterus, part of vagina
|
|
Found within the red pulp of spleen
|
T cells
|
|
Branchial arch 6 derivatives
|
all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except one: cricothyroid
|
|
Ligaments of the uterus
|
Suspensory ligament, Transverse cervical, Round ligament, Broad ligament
|
|
Ductus arteriousus becomes
|
ligamentum arteriosum
|
|
Function of oligodendroglia
|
central myelin production
|
|
Path for pupillary light reflex (light in right eye)
|
CN II --> right lateral geniculate -> right pretectal nucleus --> bilateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei --> CN III --> ciliary ganglion --> pupil contraction
|
|
Neural crest cells become
|
ANS, dorsal root ganglia, melanocytes, chromaffin cells, pia mater, celiac ganglion, Schwann cells, ondontoblasts, parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid, laryngeal cartilage
|
|
Hemidesmosome
|
connects cells to underlying extracellular matrix
|
|
Branchial arch 2 derivatives
|
Stapes, Styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid, muscles of facial expression, Stapedius, Stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric
|
|
Palate elevation testing
|
CN X, kuh-kuh-kuh
|
|
Consequence of lesion in subthalamic nucleus
|
Hemiballismus
|
|
One consequence of enlarged left atrium
|
dysphagia
|
|
Athetosis
|
Slow writhing movements of fingers
|
|
CN V function
|
mastication, facial sensation, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
|
|
nipple dermatome
|
T4
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to claw hand
|
Lower Trunk (C8/T1)
|
|
Consequence of lesion in basal ganglia
|
tremor at rest (athetosis)
|
|
Spermatid neck contains
|
Mitochondria
|
|
Retroperitoneal structures
|
Duodenum (2nd-4th parts), Ascending & Descending colon, Kidney/ureters, Pancreas (except tail), Aorta, IVC, Adrenal glands, Rectum
|
|
Lesion in Wednig-Hoffman disease
|
LMN --> flaccid paralysis
|
|
umbilicus dermatome
|
T10
|
|
Muscle that opens mouth
|
Lateral pterygoid (Lateral Lowers the jaw)
|
|
Fasciculus gracilis location
|
Medial dorsal column
|
|
Dorsal motor nucleus sends what
|
Autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers of X to heart, lungs, and upper GI
|
|
Cells that activate B cells in Peyer's patches
|
M cells
|
|
4th Branchial arch nerve
|
X (like 6; 6+4 = X)
|
|
Branchial arches dervied from
|
Mesoderm (CAP = from outside to inside Ecto/Meso/Endo=Clefts/Arches/Pouches
|
|
Fasciculus cuneatus
|
Vibration/join position of arms
|
|
Right lymphatic duct drains what
|
right arm and right half of head
|
|
Radial nerve deficit motor findings
|
lack of triceps & brachioradialis reflex, loss of extensor carpi radialis longus (wrist drop)
|
|
Lesion in poliomyelitis
|
LMN --> flaccid paralysis
|
|
Lumbar puncture layers
|
Skin, Fascia, Ligaments (supraspinous, interspinous, flavum), Epidural space, Dura mater, Subdural space, Arachnoid, Subarachnoid space (CSF)
|
|
I-cell disease
|
Failure of addition of mannose-6-phosphate --> lysosome proteins secreted outside of cell instead of into lysosome
|
|
Contralateral weakness of lower face only
|
UMN lesion
|
|
Function of Schwann cells
|
peripheral myelin production
|
|
Hypothenar muscle functions
|
Op[onens digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi (OAF)
|
|
Uncal herniation signs
|
Ipsilateral mydriasis (stretching of CN III), contralateral homonymous hemianopsia (compression of ipsilateral posteroir cerebral arery), Ipsilateral paresis (compression of contralateral crus cerebri, duret hemorrhages (caudal displacement of brain stem)
|
|
secretory product of adrenal medulla
|
Catecholines (80% epi, 20% norepi)
|
|
Muscles of mastication
|
Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
|
|
Consequence of lesion in cerebellar vermis
|
Truncal ataxia, dysarthria
|
|
venous drainage below pectinate line
|
inferior rectal vein --> internal pudendal vein --> internal iliac vein --> IVC
|
|
Incus and malleus derived from
|
1 branchial arch
|
|
Consequence of lesion in mamillary bodies
|
Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy (confabulations, anterograde amnesia)
|
|
DES teratogenicity
|
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma as an adult
|
|
Functions of Golgi apparatus
|
distributes proteins/lipids, modifies N-oligosaccharide on aspagine, adds O-oligosaccharides to serine and threonine, proteoglycan assembly, sulfation of sugars, addition of mannose-6-phosphate to lysosomal proteins
|
|
Passage for CN V2
|
foramen rotundum
|
|
beta cells of pancreatic islet produce
|
insulin
|
|
Fetal susceptibility to teratogens
|
3rd-8th weeks
|
|
alpha cells of pancreatic islet produce
|
glucagon
|
|
Location of Peyer's patches
|
lamina propria and submucosa of small intestine
|
|
Rough endoplasmic reticulum function
|
site of synthesis of secretory proteins and N-linked oligosaccharide addition to many proteins
|
|
Indirect hernia location
|
Lateral to inferior epigastric artery
|
|
CN II function
|
sight
|
|
Right ovary/testicle venous drainage
|
right gonadal vein --> IVC
|
|
Fetal milestone within week 4
|
Heart begins to beat
|
|
Endoderm becomes
|
Gut tube epithelium, lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid
|
|
Consequence of lesion in frontal lobe
|
Release signs (personality changes, deficits in concentration, orientation, judgement)
|
|
Male homologue of labia majora
|
scrotum
|
|
Consequence of lesion in broca's area
|
Expressive aphasia (BROken speech) with good comprehension
|
|
Unhappy triad of the knee
|
torn MCL, medial meniscus, and ACL
|
|
Nucleus ambiguous function
|
CN IX, X, XI (Motor only)
|
|
Branchial pouch 4 develops into
|
superior parathyroids
|
|
4th aortic arch becomes
|
Aortic arch on left; Subclavian artery on right
|
|
difference between primary and secondary lymph node follicles
|
primary are dense and dormant; secondary are pale and active
|
|
Median nerve injury location
|
Supracondyle of humerus
|
|
Zona occludens
|
tight junctions
|
|
Nucleus ambiguous sends what
|
Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (CN X)
|
|
Golgi tendon organ function
|
Ib fiber senses tension and provides inhibitory feedback to alpha-motor neuron
|
|
Loss of knee jerk
|
Femoral (L2-L4)
|
|
Kartagener's syndrome defect
|
Dynein arm defect --> immotile cilia
|
|
Cocaine teratogenicity
|
Abnormal development and addiction
|
|
Dorsal pancreatic bud becomes
|
Pancreatic body and tail
|
|
Lesion in ALS
|
combined UMN and LMN with no sensory deficit
|
|
Femoral triangle borders
|
Medial edge of Sartorius, Inferior edge of inguinal ligament, Lateral border of adductor longus
|
|
delta cells of pancreatic islet produce
|
somatostatin
|
|
Most common location of coronary artery occlusion
|
LAD
|
|
CN IX function
|
Posterior 1/3 taste, swallowing (stylopharyngeus), salivation (parotid), monitoring carotid body/sinus
|
|
Sperm food supply
|
Fructose
|
|
Vision defect with left parietal lesion
|
right lower quandrantic anopsia
|
|
Passage for CN V3
|
foramen ovale
|
|
Most common location of circle of Willis aneurysm
|
Anterior comminicating artery
|
|
Direct hernia usual age
|
Older men
|
|
Nerves passing through jugular foramen
|
IX, X, XI
|
|
Drug used to close a patent PDA
|
Indomethacin
|
|
Zona adherens
|
intermediate junction
|
|
Nerves passing through foramen magnun
|
CN XI
|
|
Median nerve deficit sensory findings
|
Loss over lateral palm, thumb, and radial 2.5 fingers
|
|
GI blood supply
|
Foregut (stomach--duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)-Celiac; Midgut (duodenum to transverse colon)-SMA; Hindgut (tranverse colon to upper colon)-IMA
|
|
2nd aortic arch becomes
|
Stapedial artery and proximal part of carotid artery (Second=Stapedial)
|
|
inguinal ligament dermatome
|
L1
|
|
Suspensory ligament of uterus contents
|
ovarian vessels
|
|
Fasciculus gracilis
|
Vibration/joint position of legs
|
|
Branchial arch 1 nerve
|
V3
|
|
Tongue taste innervation
|
CN VII, IX, X (solitary nucleus)
|
|
Function of lateral hypothalamic nucleus
|
Hunger
|
|
Digestive tract layers
|
Epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosa, Submucosa (Meissner/Submucosal plexus), Muscularis propria (inner circular muscle, Auerbach'/Myenteric plexus, outer longitudinal muscle)
|
|
Branchial arch 6 nerve
|
X (like 4, 6+4 = X)
|
|
Type III collagen
|
reticulin - skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue
|
|
Reflex arc
|
muscle stretch --> intrafusal stretch --> Ia afferent stimulation --> alpha-motor neuron stimulation --> reflexal extrafusal contraction
|
|
Left recurrent laryngeal wraps where
|
arch of the aorta
|
|
Most common locatio nfor vertebral disk herniation
|
between L5 and S1
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to Saturday night palsy
|
Radial nerve of posterior cord
|
|
Potter's syndrome
|
Bilateral renal agenesis
|
|
Midgut
|
duodenum to poximal 2/3 of transverse colon
|
|
Innervation above pectinate line
|
visceral
|
|
Middle cerebral artery supplies
|
lateral aspect of brain, Broca's and Wernicke's speech areas
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to difficulty flexing elbow
|
Musculocutaneous nerve of lateral cord
|
|
Consequence of lesion in right parietal lobe
|
Spatial neglect
|
|
Sign of unilateral lesion of cerebellum
|
Patient falls toward the lesion
|
|
CN VIII function
|
hearing and balance
|
|
Function of microglia
|
phagocytosis
|
|
Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus function
|
coordinates motility via parasympathetic effector neurons between muscle layers
|
|
Contents of cavernous sinus
|
Internal carotid artery, CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI, postganglionic sympathetic fibers en route to the orbit
|
|
CN VI function
|
abducts eye with lateral rectus (abducens)
|
|
Mesoderm becomes
|
Dura mater, muscle, bone, cardiovascular/lymphatic system, blood, uorgenital, serous linings, spleen, adrenal cortex
|
|
Muscles of larynx innervated by
|
CN X
|
|
Notochord becomes
|
nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk
|
|
Lateral striate arteries supply
|
internal capsule, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to wrist drop
|
Posterior cord (C7)
|
|
kneecap dermatome
|
L4
|
|
Foregut blood supply
|
celiac
|
|
Passage for CN II
|
optic canal
|
|
Meckel's diverticilum from
|
persistance of vitelline duct or yolk stalk
|
|
Function of hypothalamic setpate nucleus
|
Sexual urges (Septate=Sex)
|
|
Indirect hernia usual age
|
INdirect = INfants
|
|
Number of spinal nerves
|
31 pairs (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal)
|
|
Branchial arch 3 derivatives
|
Greater horn of hyoid, stylopharyngeus
|
|
Nucleus solitarius
|
CN VII, IX, X (Sensory only)
|
|
Lower border of spinal cord in adults
|
L1-L2
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to claw hand
|
Ulnar nerve of medial cord
|
|
CN IV function
|
abducts, introverts, and depresses eye (superior oblique muscle)
|
|
Contents of paracortex of lymph node
|
T cells
|
|
Fetal milestones within weeks 3-8
|
Neural tube, heart beats, oragnogenesis, susceptible to teratogens
|
|
Nissl bodies location
|
rought ER of neurons; Not in axon or axon hillock
|
|
Upper and lower lesion paralysis with weakness of upper and lower face
|
LMN lesion
|
|
Egg development
|
Primary oocytes being meiosis I and arrested in prophase until ovulation; Meiosis II is arrested in Metaphase until fertilization
|
|
Borders of hesselbach's triangle
|
Inferio epigastric artery, lateral border of rectus abdominis, inuinal ligament
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to waiter's tip
|
Upper Trunk (C5/C6)
|
|
CN XI function
|
head turning, shoulder shrugging
|
|
Aorta, thoracic duct, and azygous cross diaphragm at what level
|
T12
|
|
Function of ventromedial nucleus
|
Satiety (without ventromedial nucleus you'll grow ventrally and medially --> you'll get fat)
|
|
Vision defect with right optic radiation lesion
|
left hemianopsia with macular sparing
|
|
Common location of lumbar puncture
|
Between L3-L4 or L4-L5
|
|
Branchial arch 4 derivatives
|
thytoid/cricoid/arytenoids/corniculate/cuneiform cartilages, most pharyngeal constrictor muscles, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
|
|
Spermatic cord layers
|
External spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle and fascia, internal spermatic fascia
|
|
Male homologue of greater vestibular glands (of Bartholini)
|
Bulbourethral glands (Cowper)
|
|
secretory product of Zona reticularis
|
sex hormones
|
|
Function of lateral geniculate nucleus
|
visual (Lateral to Look)
|
|
Loss of dorsiflexion
|
Common peroneal nerve (L4-S2)
|
|
Thymus apperance
|
Dense cortex (immature), Pale medulla (mature), Hassall's corpuscles
|
|
Stapes derived from
|
2nd branchial arch
|
|
Diphragm derived from
|
Septum transversum, Pleuroperitoneal folds, Body wall, Dorsal mesentery of esophagus (Several Parts Build Diaphragm)
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome malfunction
|
loss of basement membrane charge
|
|
Male homologue of labia minora
|
ventral shaft of penis
|
|
Function of ependymal cells
|
Inner lining of ventricles
|
|
Structures perforating diaphragm and level
|
T8-IVC, T10-Esophagus/VaGus, T12-Aorta/thoracic duct/azygous vein (I 8 10 EGgs AT 12)
|
|
Consequence of lesion in Wernicke's area
|
Sensory (fluent/receptive) aphasia (Wernickes=Wordy) with poor comprehension
|
|
Sign of CN X lesion
|
uvula deviates away from lesion
|
|
Regulatory control of zona reticularis
|
ACTH, CRH
|
|
juxtaglomerular apparatus function
|
secretes renin in response to decresased blood pressure, decreased Na+ delivery, or increased sympathetic tone
|
|
Fetal erythropoiesis
|
Yolk sac (week 3-8); Liver (week 6-30); Spleen (week 9-28); Bone marrow (week 28 onward) Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
|
|
Umbilican vein becomes
|
ligamentum teres hepatitis
|
|
Common teratogens
|
ACE inhibitors, cocaine, DES, Iodide, 12-cis-retinoic acid, thalidomide, warfarin, x-rays
|
|
islest are concentrated in what part of pancreas
|
tail
|
|
Borders of hasselbach's triangle
|
Inferior epigastric artery, Lateral border of rectus abdominis, Iguinal ligament
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What inhibits mullerian duct in males
|
Mullerian inhibiting substance secreted by testes
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Radial nerve injury location
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Shaft of humerus
|
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Submucosal (Meissner's) plexus function
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regulates secretions, blood flow, and absorption via parasympathetic terminal effector neurons between mucosa and inner layer of smooth muscle
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Most abundant protein in the body
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Collagen
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Transverse cervical ligament of uterus contents
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uterine vessels
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Fasciculus cuneatus location
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Lateral dorsal column
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SA and AV nodes blood supply
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RCA
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Fetal milestone within week 1
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Implanatation (as a blastocyst)
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Vision defect with right temporal lesion
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left upper quandrantic anopsia
|
|
In the womb dizygotic twins have
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2 amniotic sacs, 2 chorions, and 2 placentas
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Sign of CN XI lesion
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weakness in turning head contralaterally; ipsilateral shoulder drop
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Cleft lip mechanism
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Failure of maxiallary and medial nasal process fusion
|
|
Bronchopulmonary segments contain what
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tertiary bronchus and 2 arteries (bronchial and pulmonary)
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Ventral pancreatic bud becomes
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Pancreatic head
|
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Part of cochlea that picks up high-frequency sound
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the base
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Truncus arteriosus gives rise to
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Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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Lesion of right MLF causes
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When looking to the left, right eye does not adduct (does not look left)
|
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Round ligament of uterus contents
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nothing of importance
|
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Regulatory control of zona fasciculata
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ACTH, CRH
|
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function
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site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
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|
Sign of posterior communicating artery aneurysm
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CN III palsy
|
|
Hypothalamus functions
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Thirst, Adenohypophysis control, Neurophypohysis hromones, Hunger, Autonomic regulation, Temperature, Sexual urges (TAN HATS)
|
|
Right recurrent laryngeal wraps where
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right subclavian
|
|
McBurney's point
|
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the ASIS (incision for appendix)
|
|
Type IV collagen
|
basement membrane (FOUR is under the FLOOR)
|
|
penile/anal dermatome
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S2, S3, S4
|
|
Hemidesmosome component
|
Integrin
|
|
Type II collagen
|
carTWOlage, hyaline, vitrous body, nucleus pulposus
|
|
Endolymph K+ content
|
High, like ICF
|
|
Branchial pouch 1 develops into
|
middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells
|
|
Meisnner's corpuscles function
|
light discriminatory touch of hairless skin (glabrous)
|
|
Ureter and uterine artery anatomy
|
Ureters pass under the uterine artery and ductus deferens
|
|
Endochondral bone formation
|
Ossifcation of cartilagenous molds (long bones)
|
|
Branchial pouches derived from
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Endoderm (CAP = from outside to inside Ecto/Meso/Endo=Clefts/Arches/Pouches
|
|
Epidermis layers
|
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalis (Californias Like Girls in String Bikinis)
|
|
Function of posterior hypothalamus
|
Regulates heat conservatoin
|
|
Intramembranous bone formation
|
Spontaneous without existing cartilage (flat bones)
|
|
Blood supply above pectinate line
|
Superior rectal artery (from IMA)
|
|
xiphoid process dermatome
|
T7
|
|
Type I collagen
|
bONE, tendONe, skin, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair
|
|
Celiac trunk vessels
|
Left gastric, splenic, common hepatic
|
|
Tongue pain innervation
|
V3, IX, X
|
|
Anterior cerebral artery supplies
|
medial surface of brain (leg-foot area of motor and sensory cortices)
|
|
Function of medial geniculate nucleus
|
auditory (Medial for Music)
|
|
Foregut
|
stomach to duodenum; liver, gallbladder, pancreas, lower respiratory tract (everything but the spleen)
|
|
location of bB-cell localization and proliferation
|
lymph node follicle
|
|
Bulbus cordis gives rise to
|
smooth parts of the left and right ventricle
|
|
Male homologue of urethral and parurethral glands (of Skene)
|
Prostate gland
|
|
Nerves passing through superior orbital fissure
|
III, IV, V1, VI
|
|
Pacinian corpuscle function
|
pressure, coarse touch, vibration and tension
|
|
Loss of hip adduction
|
Obturator (L2-L4)
|
|
Relation of pulmonary artery to each lung bronchus
|
Right Anterior, Left Superior (RALS)
|
|
Passage for CN XII
|
Hypoglossal canal
|
|
Consequence of lesion in cerebellar hemisphere
|
Intention tremor, limb ataxia
|
|
Branchial arch 5 derivatives
|
nothing
|
|
Blood brain barrier constituents
|
Choroid plexus epithelium, Intracerebral capillary epithelium, Arachnoid (CIA)
|
|
Consequence of lesion in amygdala
|
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior)
|
|
Findings in Brown-Sequard
|
Ipsilateral motor paralysis (pyramidal tract), Ipsilateral losss of vibration/proprioception (dorsal column), Contralateral loss of pain/temperature (spinothalamic), ispsilateral loss of all sensation at level of lesion
|
|
Iodide teratogenicity
|
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism
|
|
Central facial lesion
|
Paralysis of contralateral lower quadrants
|
|
Function of astrocytes
|
physical support, repair, K+ metabolism
|
|
Arrangement of cilia microstructure
|
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
|
|
Type X collagen
|
epiphyseal plate
|
|
Signs of UMN injury
|
minor atrophy, spastic paralysis (clonus), hyperactive DTRs, positive babinksi (UMN = everything is up)
|
|
Consequence of lesion in reticular activating system
|
Coma
|
|
Free floating nerve in cavernous sinus
|
CN VI
|
|
Median nerve deficit motor findings
|
No loss in arm muscles; Loss of forearm pronation, wrist/finger flexion, thumb movements (thenar atrophy)
|
|
Lesion of optic chiasm causes
|
bitemporal hemianopsia
|
|
high neck dermatome
|
C3
|
|
IVC crosses diaphragm at what level
|
T8
|
|
Innervation below pectinate line
|
somatic innervation
|
|
Function of suprachiasmatic nucleus
|
Circadian rhythms
|
|
Ductus venosus becomes
|
ligamentum venosum
|
|
Meckel diverticulum description
|
2 inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, presents in first 2 years, may have 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic)
|
|
Immunoglobulin of B cells activated in Peyer's patches
|
IgA (secretory)
|
|
Loss of plantar flexion
|
Tbial (L4-S3) TIP=Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; you can't walk on your TIPtoes
|
|
CN X function
|
taste (far posterior tongue), swallowing, palate elevation, talking, thoracoabdominal viscera autonomics
|
|
Mesonephric ducts develop into
|
Seminal vesicles, Epididymis, Ejactulatory duct, Ductus deferens (SEED)
|
|
Sign of CN V lesion
|
Jaw deviates toward side of lesion
|
|
Perilymph Na+ content
|
High, like ECF
|
|
Brachial plexus injury leading to winged scapula
|
Long thoracic (from roots C5,C6,C7)
|
|
Left ovary/testicle venous drainage
|
left gonadal vein --> left renal vein --> IVC
|
|
Axiallary nerve injury location
|
Surgical neck of humerus or anterior shoulder dislocation
|
|
Tongue motor innervation
|
CN XII
|
|
Rotator cuff muscles
|
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
|
|
secretory product of Zona fasciculata
|
cortisol, sex hormones
|
|
What allows cilia to bend
|
Dynein ATPase
|
|
Fetal milestones within week 3
|
Gastrulation (3 germ layers in 3rd week); Primitive steak, notochord, and neural plate
|
|
Abnormal opening of penis on ventral side
|
hypospadias
|
|
Branchial pouch 2 develops into
|
epithelial lining of palatine tonsil
|
|
venous drainage above pectinate line
|
superior rectal vein --> inferior mesenteric vein --> portal system
|
|
Loss of foot eversion
|
Peroneal
|
|
Umbilical arteries become
|
Medial umbilical ligaments
|
|
Lesion of optic nerve causes
|
unilateral blindness
|
|
Coronary arteries fill during which part of cardiac cycle
|
Diastole
|
|
Found within the periarterial lymphatic sheath and red pulp of the spleen
|
T cells
|
|
Tongue testing
|
CN XII, la-la-la
|
|
Structures inside carotid sheath
|
Internal jugular vein (lateral), Common carotid artery (medial), Vagus nerve (posterior) (VAN)
|
|
Signs of LMN injury
|
atrophy, flaccid paralysis, absent DTRs, fasiculations (LMN = everything is down)
|