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181 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sabouraud's agar
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Eaton's agar
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
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"Soap bubble" lesion in brain
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Opportunistic fungal infection in ketoacidotic diabetic or leukemic patients
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Mucor or Rhizopus spp.
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Fungal infection with rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
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Mucor or Rhizopus spp.
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Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
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Itraconazole or potassium iodide
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Treatment for local infection by systemic mycoses
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Fluconazole or ketoconazole
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Treatment for systemic infection by systemic mycoses
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Amphotericin B
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Treatment for Tinea versicolor
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Topical miconazole, selenium sulfide
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Treatment for superficial candida infection
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Nystatin
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Treatment for systemic candida infection
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Amphotericin B
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Treatment for Haemophilus influenzae meningitis
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Ceftriaxone
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Prophylaxis in close contacts of pts w/Haemophilus influenzae meningitis
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Rifampin
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Tx for Legionella pneumophila
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Erythromycin
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Tx for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum penicillin (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
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Tx for Lyme dz
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Doxycycline, ceftriaxone
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Yaws
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T. pertenue
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Cellulitis from animal bite
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Pasteurella multocida
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C. tetani exotoxin: Plasmid, lysogeny, bacterial chromosome?
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Plasmid
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Shiga toxin
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Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome); enhances cytokine release, causing HUS.
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Shiga toxin: Plasmid, lysogeny, bacterial chromosome?
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Bacterial chromosome
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O Ag of Salmonella: Plasmid, lysogeny, bacterial chromosome?
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Lysogeny
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Botulinum exotoxin: Plasmid, lysogeny, bacterial chromosome?
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Lysogeny
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Erythrogenic exotoxin of strep pyogenes: Plasmid, lysogeny, bacterial chromosome?
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Lysogeny
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Diphtheria toxin: Plasmid, lysogeny, bacterial chromosome?
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Lysogeny
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Alpha toxin
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Clostridium difficile - gas gangrene, double zone of hemolysis on blood agar
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Exotoxin A
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Pseudomonas - inactivates EF-2
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Corynebacterium diptheria toxin
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ADP ribosylating A-B toxin inactivates EF-2
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Rickettsia transmitted by aerosol; no rash, no vector, neg Weil-Felix
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Coxiella burnetti
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Organisms causing rash on palms and soles
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Coxackie A, syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Protozoa: Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Protozoa: Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea
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Giardia lamblia
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Protozoa: Severe diarrhea in AIDS, mild dz in non-immunocompromised
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Cryptosporidium
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Protozoa: Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
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Naegleria fowleri
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Protozoa: Brain abscess in HIV
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
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Congenital Toxoplasma gondii
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Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (d/t Ag variation), somnolence, coma
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Trypanosoma (T. gambiense, T. rhodiesiense); African sleeping sickness
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus
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Trypansoma cruzi. Chagas dz, S. America
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Kala-azar: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
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Leishmania donovani
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Shuffner dots
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P. vivax/ovale
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Cycles occuring every other day; dormant form in liver -> tx w/primaquine
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P. vivax/ovale
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Severe; daily cycles; parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain, kidneys, lungs
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P. falciparum
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Fever and hemolytic anemia; predominantly in NE USA
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Babesia
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Maltese cross in RBC
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Babesia
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Tx for Trypanosoma cruzi
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Nifurtimox
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Tx for Leishmania donovani
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Sodium stibogluconate
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Tx for Babesia
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Quinine, clindamycin
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Foul-smelling, greenish discharge from vag; itching and burning; STD
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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Tx for Trichomonas vaginalis
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Metronidazole
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Eggs visible in feces; intestinal infection
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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Giant roundworm
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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Pinworm
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Enterobius vermicularis
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Food contaminated with eggs; intestinal infection; causes anal pruritis
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Enterobius vermicularis
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Undercooked meat (pork)
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Trichinella spiralis
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Inflammation of muscle (larvae encyst in muscle)
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Trichinella spiralis
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Periorbital edema
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Trichinella spiralis
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Larvae in soil penetrate skin; lung sx; intestinal infection; causes vomiting, diarrhea, and anemia, abdominal bloating, weight loss.
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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Larvae penetrateskin of feet; intestinal infection can cause anemia (suck blood from intestinal walls).
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Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
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Hookworms
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Necator americanus
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In drinking water; skin inflammation and ulceration.
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Dracunculus medinensis
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Transmitted by female blackflies; causes hyperpigmented skin. Can have allergic reaction to microfilaria
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Onchocerca volvulus
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River blindness
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Onchocerca volvulus
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Tx for Onchocerca volvulus
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Ivermectin
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Transmitted by deer fly, horse fly, and mango fly; causes swelling in skin (can see worm crawling in conjunctiva)
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Loa Loa
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Tx for Loa Loa
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Diethylcarbamazine
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Food contaminated with eggs; causes granulomas (in in retina -> blindness) and visceral larva migrans
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Toxocara canis
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Tx for Toxocara canis
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Diethylcarbamazine
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Female mosquito; causes blockage of lymphatic vessels (elephantitis). Takes 9 months to 1 year after bite to get elephantiasis sx.
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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Tx for Wuchereria bancrofti
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Diethylcarbamazine
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Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork. Cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, mass lesions in brain.
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Taenid solium
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"swiss cheese" appearance in brain
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Taenid solium
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Tx for Taenid solium
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Praziquantel
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Tx for neurocystercercosis
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-bendazoles
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Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish. Causes vitamin B12 defic anemia.
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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Tx for Diphyllobothrium latum
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Praziquantel
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Eggs in dog feces when ingested can cause cysts in liver; causes anaphylaxis if Ags are released from cysts (surgeons inject ethanol before removal to neutralize Ags).
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Echinococcus granulosus
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Tx for Echinococcus granulosus
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-bendazoles
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Snails are host
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Schistosoma
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Cercariae penetrate skin of humans; causes granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation of the spleen and liver. Chronic infection can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.
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Schistosoma
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Causes inflammation of the biliary tract -> pigmented gallstones
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Cholangiocarcinoma
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Undercooked fish
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Tx of Clonorchis sinensis
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Praziquantel
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Tx of Schistosoma
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Praziquantel
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Tx of Paragonimus westermani
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Praziquantel
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Undercooked crab meat; causes inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of the lung, causing hemoptysis
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Paragonimus westermani
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Parasite: Portal hypertension
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Schistosoma mansoni
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Parasite: Hematuria, bladder CA
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Schistosoma haematobium
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Parasite: Microcytic anemia
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Ancylostoma, Necator
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Parasite: Liver cysts
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Echinococcus granulosus
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Colorado tick fever
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Reovirus
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Reovirus
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No envelope
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Reovirus
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DS linear 10-12 segments
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Reovirus
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Icosohedral (double)
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Rotavirus
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Reovirus
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Hepevirus
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No envelope, SS + linear, Icosahedral
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Calicivirus
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No envelope, SS + linear, Icosahedral
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Norwalk virus - viral gastroenteritis
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Calicivirus
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HCV
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Flavivirus
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Yellow fever
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Flavivirus
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Dengue fever
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Flavivirus
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St. Louis encephalitis
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Flavivirus
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Western equine encephalitis
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Togavirus
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West nile virus
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Flavivirus
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Flavivirus
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Enveloped, SS+, linear, icosahedral
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Rubella
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Togavirus
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Eastern equine encephalitis
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Togavirus
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Togavirus
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Enveloped, SS+, linear, icosahedral
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HTLV
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Retrovirus
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Influenza virus
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Orthomyxovirus
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Parainfluenza - croup
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Paramyxovirus
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RSV
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Paramyxovirus
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Rubeola
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Paramyxovirus
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Mumps
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Paramyxovirus
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Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
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Filovirus
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LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
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Arenavirus
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Lassa fever encephalitis
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Arenavirus - spread by mice
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California encephalitis
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Bunyavirus
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Sandfly/Rift valley fevers
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Bunyavirus
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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
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Bunyavirus
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Hantavirus
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Bunyavirus - hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia
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HDV
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Deltavirus
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Retroviruses
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Enveloped, SS +, Icosahedral
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Coronaviruses
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Enveloped, SS +, Icosahedral
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Orthomyxoviruses
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Enveloped, SS -, linear, 8 segments, Helical
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Paramyxoviruses
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Enveloped, SS -, linear, nonsegmented, Helical
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Rhabdoviruses
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Enveloped, SS -, linear, Helical
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Filoviruses
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Enveloped, SS -, linear, Helical
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Arenaviruses
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Enveloped, SS -, circular, 2 segments, helical
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Bunyaviruses
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Enveloped, SS -, circular, 3 segments, helical
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Deltaviruses
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Enveloped, SS -, circular, helical
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Picornaviruses
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Nonenveloped, SS +, Icosahedral
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Poliovirus
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Picornavirus
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Echovirus
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Picornavirus
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Rhinovirus
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Picornavirus
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Coxackievirus
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Picornavirus
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HAV
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Picornavirus
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Echovirus
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Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
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Coxackievirus
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Aseptic meningitis, herpangina, mycarditis
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Warthin-Finkeldy giant cell
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Pathognomonic for measles or live attenuated vaccine
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Tx for RSV
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Ribavirin
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Councilman bodies (acidophilic inclusions) in liver
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Yellow fever
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High fever, black vomitus, jaundice
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Yellow fever
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dsRNA segmented virus
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Reovirus
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3-day rash
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Rubella
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5-day rash
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Rubeola
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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Rubeola
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Fever then rash
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HHV-6 (Roseola)
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Rash spreads from head to toe
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Rubeola
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Generalized lymphadenopathy particularly postauricular and occipital
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Rubella
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Severe congenital infection
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Rubella
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Ocular problems (cataracts, retinopathy, micropthalmos, glaucoma), cardiovascular problems (PDA, VSD, pulmonary stenosis), deafness, thrombocytopenia purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, CNS problems, bony lesions
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Congenital rubella
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All contain surface F "fusion" protein
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Paramyxoviruses
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Used in RSV to neutralize F protein
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Palivizumab
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Rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
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Rubeola
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HIV - Superficial vascular proliferation; biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
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Bartonella henselae (bacillary angiomatosis)
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HIV - Superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature; biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
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HHV-8
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HIV - Chronic watery diarrhea; acid-fast cysts seen in stool
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Cryptosporidium spp.
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HIV - Meningitis; India ink stain reveals narrow-based budding
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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HIV - Encephalopathy
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JC virus (PML) results in demyelination
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HIV - Abscesses, ring-enhancing lesions on imaging
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Toxoplasma gondii
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HIV - Retinitis; cotton-wool spots on funduscopic exam
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CMV
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HIV - Hairy leukoplakia; often on lateral tongue
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EBV
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HIV - Non-hodgkin's lymphoma (large cell type); often on oropharynx (Waldeyer's ring)
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EBV
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HIV - Squamous cell carcinoma; often in anus (MSM) or cervix (females)
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HPV
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HIV - Interstitial pneumonia; biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
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CMV
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HIV - Pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging
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Invasive aspergillosis
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HIV - Pneumonia CD4<200
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Pneumocystis jiroveci
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HIV - TB like dz CD4<50
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
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Protein A
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S. aureus. Binds Fc region of Ig. Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis.
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IgA protease
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Cleaves IgA. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, Neisseria (SHiN) in order to colonize respiratory mucosa.
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M protein
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Group A streptococcus. Helps prevent phagocytosis.
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Optochin
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S. pneumoniae sensitive, S. viridans resistant
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Bacitracin
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Group A beta-hemolytic strep (S. pyogenes) sensitive. Group B (S. agalactiae) resistant.
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Novobiocin
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S. epidermidis sensitive. S. saprophyticus resistant.
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Mucicarmine
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Stains cryptococcus neoformans red
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Lyme disease
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Heart block, bilateral Bell's palsy
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Enterotoxin A
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C. Difficile
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Enterotoxin A
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Watery diarrhea
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Cytotoxin B
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C. Difficile
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Cytotoxin B
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Colonic epithelial cell necrosis and stimulation of fibrin deposition
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