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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Broca's area |
Frontal lobe
Motor (nonfluent/expressive) aphasia w/good comprehension |
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Wernicke's area |
Temporal lobe
Sensory (fluent/receptive aphasia) w/poor comprehension, neologisms |
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Arcuate fasciculus |
Connects Wernicke's (temporal) to Broca's (frontal)
Conduction aphasia; good comprehension, fluent speech, but poor repetition |
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Amygdala (bilateral) |
Temporal
Kluver Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior) |
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Prefrontal cortex lobe |
Frontal lobe syndrome: personality changes, deficits in concentration, orientation and judgement; may have reemergence of primitive reflexes
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Consequence of lesions:
Right parietal lobe |
Spatial neglect (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world)
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Consequence of lesions (also what area):
Reticular activating system |
Midbrain
Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (coma) |
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Mammillary bodies (bilaterally) |
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Confusion, confabulation, opthalmoplegia, ataxia |
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Consequence of lesions :
Basal ganglia |
May result in tremor at rest, chorea, or athetosis
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Consequence of lesions :
Cerebellar hemisphere |
Intention tremor, limb ataxia (ipsilateral); fall towards side of lesion
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Consequence of lesions:
Cerebellar vermis |
Truncal ataxia, dysarthria
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Consequence of lesions:
Subthalamic nucleus |
Contralateral hemiballismus
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Hippocampus |
Temporal
Anterograde amnesia-inability to make new memories |
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Consequence of lesions:
Paramedian pontine reticular formation |
Eyes look away from side of lesion
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Consequence of lesions (also what lobe):
Frontal eye fields |
Frontal lobe
Eyes look toward lesion |
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Consequence of lesions:
Inferior parietal lobule |
Gerstmann syndrome (if dominant hemisphere)
Right left confusion/dyscalculia and dysgraphia, finger agnosia, contralateral hemianopia or lower quadrantanopia |
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Broca's aphasia
(a) describe (b) area |
(a) nonfluent aphasia w/intact comprehension
(b) inferior frontal gyrus |
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Wernicke's aphasia
(a) describe (b) area |
(a) fluent aphasia w/impaired comprehension
(b) superior temporal gyrus |
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Global aphasia
(a) describe (b) areas affected |
(a) nonfluent aphasia w/impaired comprehension
(b) both Broca's and Wernicke's |
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Conduction aphasia
(a) describe (b) areas affected |
(a) poor repetition but fluent speech, intact comprehension
(b) arcuate fasciculus |
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Subfalcine herniation
(a) describe (b) complications/consequences |
(a) cingulate gyrus displaced beneath falx to opposite side
(b) compression of anterior cerebral artery |
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Transtentorial herniation
(a) describe (b) complications/consequences |
(a) uncus of temporal lobe displaced over free edge of tentorium
(b) Ipsilateral pupillary dilation (CNIII compression) -contralateral homonymous hemianopia (ocmpression of ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery) -ipsilateral paresis (compression of contralateral crus cerebri-Kernohan's notch) -duret hemorrhages (paramedian a rupture due to caudal displacement of brainstem) |
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Cerebellar/tonsillar herniation
(a) describe (b) consequences/complications |
(a) displacement of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum
(b) compression of medulla leads to cardiorespiratory arrest |
