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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in the first two years of life?
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Intussusception
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What is the classic triad for intussusception
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Abdominal pain, vomiting, blood per rectum
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Red currant-jelly stools are indicative of what?
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Intussusception
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What is diagnostic for intussusception
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Air-contrast barium enema
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The string sign on a barium study indicates what?
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Pyloric stenosis
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What type of acid/base abnormality can occur with persistent emesis, such as that seen with pyloric stenosis?
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Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
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What type of immunodeficiency presents after six months of age with recurrent sinopulmonary, GI, and urinary tract infections with encapsulated organisms (H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis)?
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B-cell deficiencies
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What immunodeficiency is seen in boys only and presents with frequent pseudomonas infections?
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X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton's)
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With what immunodeficiency will there be a drop in immunoglobulin levels to the 20s and 30s, increased pyogenic upper and lower respiratory diseases, and increased risk of lymphoma and autoimmune disease?
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Common variable immunodeficiency
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What is the most common immunodeficiency
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IgA deficiency
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What does CATCH-22 stand for in DiGeorge syndrome?
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Congenital heart disease, Abnormal facies, Thymic aplasia, Cleft palate, Hypocalcemia, 22q deletion
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With what immunodeficiency syndrome will patients have increased infections with fungi and PCP?
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Thymic aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome)
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With what immunodeficiency will patients present with cerebellar ataxia and increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and gastric carcinoma?
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Ataxia-telangiectasia
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With what immunodeficiency will patients have severe, frequent bacterial infections; chronic candidiasis, and opportunistic organisms?
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Severe combined immunodeficiency
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What is the treatment for SCID?
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PCP prophylaxis, bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant, IVIG for antibody deficiency
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With what immunodeficiency will patients present with eczema, increased IgE/IgA, decreased IgM, and thrombocytopenia?
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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What is the classis presentation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (3)
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Bleeding, eczema, recurrent otitis media
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With what immunodeficiency will patients present with anemia, lymphadenopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia, and infections with catalase-positive organisms?
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Chronic granulomatous disease
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Pts with chronic granulomatous disease require daily treatment with what antibiotic?
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TMP-SMX
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With what immunodeficiency will patients present with oculocutaneous albinism, neuropathy, neutropenia, and increased incidence of overwhelming infections with S. pyogenes, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas?
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Chediak-Higashi syndrome
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What is the defect in Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
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Neutrophil chemotaxis (Autosomal recessive)
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What is the diagnostic test for chronic granulomatous disease?
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Nitroblue tetrazolium test
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What immunodeficiency presents with recurrent episodes of angioedema lasting 2-72 hours and provoked by stress or trauma
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C1 esterase deficiency (autosomal dominant)
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What type of immunodeficiencies tend to present at 1-3 months?
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T-cell deficiencies
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With what immunodeficiency are patients unable to form membrane attack complexes
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Terminal compliment deficiency (C5-C9)
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With what immunodeficiency will patients get recurrent miningococcal or gonococcal infections?
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Terminal compliment deficiency (C5-C9)
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What type of immunodeficiencies are characterized by mucous membrane infections, gram-negative enteric organisms, and delayed umbilical cord separations?
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Phagocyte deficiencies
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What type of immunodeficiencies are characterized by recurrent bacterial infections with encapsulated organisms
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Complement deficiencies
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What are the subacute-phase manifestations of Kawasaki disease? (2)
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Thrombocytosis and increased ESR
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What are the acute-phase manifestations of Kawasaki disease? Hint: Crash and Burn
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Conjunctivitis, Rash, Adenopathy, Strawberry tongue, Hands and feet (red, swollen, flacky skin), AND Burn=fever >40 for 5 days
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What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease?
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High-dose aspirin and IVIG
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What treatment is contraindicated with Kawasaki disease?
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Corticosteroids (may increase aneurysm formation)
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Untreated patients with Kawasaki disease are at risk for what complications?
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Coronary artery aneurysms and MI
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What disease is defined as an acute inflammatory illness of the small airways that primarily affects infants and children under 2?
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Bronchiolitis (RSV most common)
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What disease is characterized by the classic barking cough (usually at night)?
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Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
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What is the steeple sign?
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Subglottic narrowing of the airway, commonly seen with Croup
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With what disease will patients age 3-7 present with muffled voice and drooling?
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Epiglottitis
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The thumbprint sign on lateral film is characteristic of what?
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Epiglottitis
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What three organisms commonly cause otitis media?
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S.pneumoniae, H.influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
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What disease is characterized by a slapped-cheek rash that is worse with fever and sun exposure?
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Erythema infectiosum, caused by Parvovirus B19
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What disease has an acute onset of high fever followed by a maculopapular rash that appears as the fever breaks?
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Roseola infantum (HSV-6)
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An abominal radiograph showing the "double-bubble" sign indicates what?
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Duodenal atresia
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What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in infants?
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Respiratory distress syndrome
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Ground-glass appearance and air bronchograms on CXR in an infant indicate what disease?
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Respiratory distress syndrome
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What are the five Ts and 1P of cyanotic heart disease?
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1. Truncus arteriosus 2. Transposition of the great arteries 3. Tricuspid atresia 4. Tetralogy of Fallot 5. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return 6. Pulmonary atresia
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What congenital heart defect presents with a harsh holosystolic murmur heard best at the lower left sternal border?
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VSD
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What congentital heart defect presents with a wide and fixed split S2 and a systolic ejection murmur heard best at the upper left sternal border?
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ASD
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What drug is given to close a patent ductus arteriosus?
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Indomethacin
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What congenital defect often presents in childhood with asymptomatic hypertension?
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Coarctation of the aorta
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What is the most common childhood malignancy?
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ALL
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