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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Learning |
A relative permanent change in behaviour due to experience |
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Neurohormone |
A chemical message about it manufactured by a neuron that is released into the bloodstream and carry to target neurons or cells; compare with neurotransmitter |
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Adrenaline |
A hormone that may affect memory consolidation of emotionally arousing experiences; also called epinephrine |
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Glutamate |
A neurotransmitter that plays crucial roles in the growth and strengthening of synaptic connections during learning and memory formation |
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Amygdala |
A structure located deep within the brain that has a crucial role in processing emotions |
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Hippocampus |
A structure located deep within the brain that has a crucial role in the consolidation of most of our memories |
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Consolidation |
The biological process of making a newly formed long-term memory stable and enduring after learning |
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Hebb's rule |
Explanation of changes to synaptic connections between neurons during learning; often summarised as 'neurons that fire together, wire together' |
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Long-term depression (LTD) |
The long-lasting decrease in strength of synaptic transmission; compare with long term potentiation |
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Long-term potentiation |
The long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections, resulting in enhanced or more effective neurotransmission across the synapse; compare with long-term depression |
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Neural plasticity |
The ability of the brain's neural structure or function to be changed by experience throughout the lifespan |
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Synaptic plasticity |
The ability of a synapse to change over time to use or disuse |
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Memory |
Processing, storage and retrieval of information acquired through learning |
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Encoding |
In relation to memory, conversion of information into a form that can be neurologically represented and stored in memory |
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Storage |
In relation to memory, retention of encoded information over time |
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Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model |
Represents memory as consisting of three separate stores (components) called sensory memory, short term memory and long-term memory |
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Maintenance rehearsal |
Repetition of information over and over again so that it can be kept in short term (or working) memory |
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Rehearsal |
The process of consciously manipulating information to keep it in short-term memory, to transfer it to long-term memory or to aid storage and retrieval |
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Elaborative rehearsal |
The process of linking new information in a meaningful way with information already stored in memory or with other new information to aid its storage and retrieval from long-term memory |
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Retrieval |
Recovery of stored information and bringing into conscious awareness for use |
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Storage capacity |
The amount of information each store can hold at any given moment |
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Storage duration |
Length of time information can be held by each component |
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Sensory memory |
The entry point of memory in which the stimuli that bombard the senses are retained in their original sensory form for a very brief time |
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Echoic memory |
Auditory sensory memory for incoming auditory information that stores sounds in their original sensory form for about 3 or 4 seconds |
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Iconic memory |
Visual sensory memory for incoming visual information that stores visual images in their original sensory form for about a third of second |
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Short-term memory |
A memory system with limited storage capacity in which information is stored for relatively short time, unless renewed in some way; also functions as 'working memory' |
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Long-term memory |
A memory store that holds a potentially unlimited amount of information for a very long time, possibly permanently |
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Explicit memory |
Memory that occurs when information can be consciously or intentionally retrieved and stated |
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Episodic memory |
The long-term explicit memory of personally experienced events |
