Vector

Malaria - wiggle horizontally up and down no breathing tube. adults stand 45 degree angle on flat surface.

St Louis encephalitis. West Nile virus, western equine encephalitis

Lies at 45 degree angle on long breathing tube

Yellow fever/ dengue

Short thick of breathing tube relies on surface tension to stay afloat- constantly moving

Use long mosquito larvae Dipper to not scare larvae, count sample.

Utilizes carbon dioxide as attractant for mosquitoes- such as piece of lard.

If possible, drain water.

Floating debris cleared.

Larvicide such as petroleum break surface tension of water and kills larvae

1. Gambusia affinis, freshwater fish of the middle family referred to as mosquito fish

2. The dragonfly- dragonfly larvae consume mosquito larvae and adult dragonfly devours adult mosquito as food

Last resort to control mosquito breeding because insecticides pose another Hazard to the environment

1. Spray insecticides

2. Screening - nets, bed nets

3. Protective clothing

4. Repellents, deet popular

Musca domestics- most dangerous for transfer of germs, breeds in feces of horse, Pig, chicken, dog, man, not cattle.

Can live up to 60 days

Breeds in dead animals. Attracted to substance called mercaptan.

Infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with presence of blood and mucus in the feces

Parasitic infection of the body of a live mammal by fly larvae that grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue

Mechanical transmitter of diarrhea and dysentery. Common cause of my myiasis and sheep and cattle. Commonly found in wounds of skin opening scars. Life cycle is 10 - 25 days

Second only to mosquitoes for blood-sucking characteristics, primarily female. Eggs laid in free-flowing, fast-moving water such as River or streams, larvae attached to submerged rocks.

Can transmit human oncocerciasis ( also known as river blindness)

Chrysops discali - known to cause tularemia

Bites often painful, remain swollen. Lay eggs and vegetation near Stillwater such as ponds and lakes. Larvae develop and wet soil /water.

Drosophilidae - breed indicating fruit. Nuisance and bars for fruit liquor bottles.

Organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another

1. Sanitation, eliminate the breeding environment

2. Larvae control

Biological and physical control. Introduce natural enemies bacteria that attacks fly life cycle. Physical with minimum 6in landfill cover to prevent larvae from emerging.

A. Aerial spraying

B. Fly chords and resin strips

C. Larviciding

D. Resistance factors

E. Screening, economical and effective 16 strands per inch

F. Air curtains

G. Sterile flies

Shudder's fly grill

Most common device to determine local fly population and density. Places on natural attractant manure or Garbage then count number of flies land on grill in 30 seconds.

Body shell of a cockroach

Egg cases for cockroaches. Strong protective casing.

Approximately half to three-quarters of an inch in size as an adult.

They are pale Brown to light brown in color and has two longitudinal stripes on the pronotum.

Most common to invade home and restaurant. Lays and Carries 4-8 ootheca in lifetime, that has 30 to 50 eggs

28 days to hatch

Smaller than German cockroach. 1/2 inch long. Radio, TV Roach.Lay ootheca under tv, radio, with approximately 18 eggs

Lay 14ootheca in lifetime under tv, radio, with approximately 18 eggs.

Hatch 50- 75

Approximately 1 to 2 inches, resemble a beetle. They cannot climb.Ootheca

Ootheca

8 Ootheca in lifetime, carry 8 eggs which hatch in 60 days

Largest cockroach approximately 3 to 4 inches.

15 - 90 Oothika in lifetime, contains 14 - 16 eggs hatch in 50 days.

Flies often.

1. Identify cockroach and its life cycle

2. Determine level of infestation, and full-blown infestation identify source

3. Determine type of extermination, tenting with fumigation you silly the best or spray and fog each unit.

Rattus norvegicus

Most vicious and territorial. Tails shorter than body and thick. Burrow in ground and swim.

1- 1.5 feet, weight a pound

Feces - 3/4 inch length, rounded ends- capsules

Not vicious, agile climbers. longer 1/3 than body and slender Tail. Live in high places.

Feces - 1/2 inch. Pointed ends, banana shape

Smallest of the three, Long tail, 3-4x longer than body, living any convenient place, short migration range.

Feces, 1/4 inch, pointed ends, pointed rod

Eliminate food source, proper sanitation, rodent harborage site must be removed.

Norway rat Burrows at 45 degree angle. Can set up L shaped 4 inch thick underground concrete barrier

Plug holes in entrances, screens minimum 16 to 24 gauge - 1/4 inch thick.

Rodent trapping

Ventilation should be screened and sealed, pipes no larger than quarter inch.

trees and branches should not touch building, clean all dropped fruit veggies plants.

Consider the last method to control the insect or pest population. Perfect pesticide is one that hits and kills a Target organism, harmless to humans and beneficial insects, and is relatively non-toxic.

A. Stomach poisons, must ingest the poison.

B. Contact poisons, absorption by the insect Body by touching the poison

C. Fumigant poisons, the insect breeds the poison

D. Desiccants, desiccants releases the body fluids of the insect and dries out the insect. It removes the waxy outer layer of the body which keeps the body fluids in

Chemicals are now classified in relation to lethal dose by chemical amount. Milligram per kilogram of animal body weight. Where 50% tested population dies.

5 to 50 mg per kilogram of body weight

50 - 500 mg per kilogram by body weight

500 to 1000 mg per kilogram of body

1000 - 5000 mg per kilogram of body weight

5000 or more milligram per kilogram of body weight

Combination of two substances that yields a greater overall effect then if used separately. Many pesticide companies will mix an agent with a synergist to enhance the killing power of another chemical.

Ld-50 1500 mg per kilogram, natural organic insecticide produced from chrysanthemums

Synthesized form of pyrethrum. Moderately toxic.

Mostly band because staying environment for a long time. Use during World War two era

Ld-50 150 mg per kilogram. Used in low concentration to treat head lice

Ld-50 500 mg per kilogram. Very effective against pests but remain stable environment for a long periods of time

Ld-50 5000 milligrams per kilogram. Used effectively against fleas

Applied to skin or clothing can be effective insect repellent for many variety of insects. Considered most effective on the commercial Market

Natural emetics our agents which causes an animal to regurgitate. Cause vomit to enter lungs, leading to drowning

Resembles white sugar and flour. Extremely toxic and fast-acting. Used on rats

Used in sewer systems to kill rats

Safest single dose, highly toxic to Norway rat, low toxicity to other mammals.

Hey pungent garlic, grayish and black powder favored by all domestic rodents.

Arsenic is a primary ingredient in this rodenticide

Central nervous system inhibitor