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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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oral cavity form and function
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nutrition
- prehension - mastication communication respiration |
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The oral cavity consists of (5)
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lips
tongue gingiva palate teeth |
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oral cavity tissue composition
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Mucosa: Epithelium + Lamina propria
- Epithelium= Stratified squamous epithelium (may be keratinized) - Lamina propria= Fibrous connective tissue (collagen) Skeletal muscle Adipose tissue Salivary glands Sensory and motor nerve fibers |
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oral mucosa (areas that are commonly keratinized)
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dental pad
tongue (dorsal surface) hard palate cheek |
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lip composition
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Oral mucosal surface:
- Epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium (may be keratinized) - Lamina propria: Fibrous connective tissue Skeletal muscle- Orbicularis oris Adipose tissue External surface= Haired skin Sinus hairs Large sebaceous glands |
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top left
- haired surface - large sebaceous gland - keratinized strat squam top right - mucosal surface - labial glands bottom - mucocutaneous jxn |
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know the parts of the lip from an image
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external surface of the lip
notice the huge sebaceous glands |
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mucosal surface of the lip
strat squam epi (no keratin, but may have keratin in some spp) |
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tongue composition
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Mucosa:
- Stratified squamous epithelium - Lingual papillae (various types on dorsal surface) - Taste buds - Fibrous connective tissue Adipose tissue Skeletal muscle core: - Arranged in layers, at right angles Salivary glands Sensory and motor nerve fibers |
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top left
- vallate papilla top right - strat squam epi skeletal muscle throughout middle dark purple shapes at the bottom are salivary glands |
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dorsal surface
- keratinizing strat squam epi with papilla middle - skeletal musc arranged at right angles ventral surface - non-keratinizing strat squam |
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types of lingual papillae
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Filiform- mechanical
Circumvallate (aka. Vallate)- sensory Fungiform- sensory Foliate- sensory |
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lingual papillae - filiform
Most common type Slender conical structures projections/short bristles Function: mechanical only Extremely large and rough in some species (cats and cattle) |
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lingual papillae - filiform
Most common type Slender conical structures projections/short bristles Function: mechanical only Extremely large and rough in some species (cats and cattle) lamina propria at bottom |
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lingual papillae - filiform
Most common type Slender conical structures projections/short bristles Function: mechanical only Extremely large and rough in some species (cats and cattle) |
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be able to recognize circumvallate papillae
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lingual papillae - circumvallate
set into a deep pocket- surrounded by a "moat" anchored by a short broad CT stalk (nerve fibers often seen) does not protrude above the surface visible with the naked eye located near the back of the tongue least numerous type |
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circumvallate papilla
top - strat squam epi (part of mucosa) lamina propria beneath that taste buds on the sides of the papilla found toward the back of the tongue |
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what taste buds are found toward the cr. aspect of the tongue?
toward the back? |
cr- fungiform
cd- circumvallate |
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filiform & fungiform papillae
fungiform - mushroom shaped structures - have a core of CT - usually have taste buds (towards surface) - far less numerous than filiform type - not as large as the vallate papillae - Rise above the general level of the filiform papillae |
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which papillae have taste buds towards the surface?
on the sides? |
fungiform
circumvallate |
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filiform & fungiform papillae
fungiform rise above the surrounding filiform - CT core |
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what is the most numerous papillae type?
least numerous? |
filiform
circumvallate |
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lingual papillae - foliate
flat-topped/ rectangular/ all even deep clefts between them taste buds Lagomorphs |
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lingual papillae - foliate
flat-topped/ rectangular/ all even deep clefts between them taste buds Lagomorphs |
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tongue (taste buds)
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Taste buds=
-well defined (encapsulated by delicate CT) -lightly staining areas which enclose several banana shaped sensory transducer cells Sensory cells= are located below the level of the epithelium Taste pore= a break in the epithelium over the sensory cells Microvilli ("taste hairs“)= collectively form a bundle exposed through the taste pore (misnomer- they aren't really "hairs") |
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be able to recognize taste buds
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taste buds
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gingiva composition
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Mucosa:
- Epithelium- Stratified squamous - Lamina propria- Fibrous connective tissue |
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gingiva
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oral vs resp surface of palate
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Oral surface
- Stratified squamous epithelium Respiratory (or nasal) surface - Ciliated columnar |
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hard palate
notice the conical papilla |
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hard palate
top - nasal surface then - bone adipose layer salivary glands towards right lamina propria mucosal epithelium oral surface on bottom |
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hard palate
bone and nasal surface (above the top of the pict) salivary glands lamina propria (dense irregular) oral surface (keratinizing strat squam) |
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soft palate
nasal surface (top) oral surface (bottom) notice skeletal musc and salivary glands |
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soft palate
nasal surface is above the top of the pict mucus salivary glands lamina propria oral surface at bottom |
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soft palate
nasal surface (top) ciliated epithleium lamina propria skeletal muscle |
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filiform papilla
orange lamina propria (left) green (strat squam epi and long green keratin projection) |
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Brachydont vs. Hypsodont teeth
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Brachydont
- the tooth as it is forming, creates the enamel which is above the gumline only - once damaged, can't fix it Hypsodont - enamel below gumline - teeth grow throughout life |
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teeth
(ameloblasts/ odontoblasts/ pulp cavity/ periodontal ligament/ bone) |
Ameloblasts- cells that produce enamel
Odontoblasts- cells that produce dentin Periodontal ligament- anchors tooth to alveolar bone Pulp cavity: contains living tissue: blood vessels, mesenchyme Alveolar bone |
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enamel
dentin cementum |
Enamel
- covers outside of tooth (aka. crown) - lost during processing Dentin - bulk of the tooth - softer than enamel Cementum - bone-like - covers tooth root (not be seen protruding beyond gum line) - anchors to periodontal ligament |
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know the parts of a tooth
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tooth development
brachydont vs. rodent vs. horse |
Brachydont teeth: Enamel is made only before eruption. Once the tooth erupts, the ameloblasts die. If enamel is damaged it can't be renewed.
Rodents: continually produce enamel, must wear down their teeth by gnawing. Both root and crown develop simultaneously in the rodent and continue to grow throughout life. Horses: The enamel and dentin layers are intertwined- increasing the strength and decreasing the wear rate. |
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enamel hypoplasia due to distemper
ameloblasts targeted animal was infected as tooth was forming |
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The connective tissue in the oral cavity, beneath the surface epithelium, is called:
a. Lamina propria b. Submucosa c. Dermis d. All of the above |
a. Lamina propria
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The tongue is primarily composed of
a. Lamina propria b. Skeletal muscle c. Squamous epithelium d. Adipose tissue |
b. Skeletal muscle
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d. viral targeting of ameloblasts
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c. dentin
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a. 1
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saliva fxns
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Moistens/Lubricates
- masticated food bound into a slippery bolus that (usually) slides easily through the esophagus without damaging the mucosa Facilitates mastication Deglutition (swallowing) Adjusts pH - Provides alkaline buffering and fluid: important in ruminants as they have non-secretory forestomachs Dissolution of food stuffs Limited carbohydrate digestion |
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saliva consists of
it's release is controlled by |
Consists of protein glycoproteins, electrolytes and water
Controlled release- autonomic nervous system |
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saliva production
(man/ sheep/ cow/ horse) |
Man 1-2 liters
Sheep 1-4 liters Cattle 90-190 liters Horses 38 liters |
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salivary glands
(where are they derived from/ where do their secretions drain to/ maj vs minor) |
Derived from epithelium of the buccal cavity
Secretions drain to the buccal cavity Major salivary glands are more distant from the buccal cavity and may have long ducts Minor salivary glands are more proximal and have shorter duct systems |
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major salivary glands
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Parotid
Mandibular Sublingual Zygomatic (carnivores) Molar (carnivores) |
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know the locations of the major salivary glands
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minor salivary glands
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Labial
Lingual (aka. Glands of von Ebner) Buccal Palatine |
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salivary gland histology
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Adenomere (or Acinus):
compound tubuloalveolar glands Types: Mucus Serous Mixed Serous demilunes- may cap any mucous end pieces Myoepithelial cells- help expel secretions |
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mucous gland
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serous gland
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serous gland
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mucous + serous glands
mucous towards left serous towards right |
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salivary gland ducts
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Intercalated ducts- small tubules lined by low cuboidal epithelium (non-secretory)
Striated (aka Intralobular) ducts- columnar lined Lobular- columnar lined Intralobar- pseudostratified Lobar duct- pseudostratified Excretory duct- squamous |
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recognize intercalated ducts
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striated/ intralobar or lobar ducts (columnar)
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Intralobar or Lobar Ducts (Pseudostratified columnar)
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a. serous
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A. Labial salivary glands
Sinus hairs on top Mucosa on bottom Skeletal muscle through middle |
