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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Adenoviruses |
- naked and cubic - large dsDNA virus that codes for own DNA polymerase and can proofread - uses protein primers to solve end problem - E1a protein inhibits the signal transduction pathways that respond to the binding of interferon to the cell surface receptor - small RNAs block activation of PKR by dsRNA |
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Arenaviruses |
- 1 piece of RNA has both polarities (ambisense) - does not have poly A |
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Bacteriophage T4 |
- complex structure, tail fibers and little spikes - large dsDNA virus that codes for its own DNA polymerase (binal) and can proozfread - forms concatemers by recombination - concatemers produce terminally redundant genomes - cleavage is not site specific - utilizes a headful mechanism for packaging DNA - replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA - carries enzyme w.in the virion that modifies host RNA polymerase immediately after infection - produced new Σ factor to program transcription of its genome - genome is circularly permitted |
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Bacteriophage T7 |
- large DNA virus that codes for its own DNA polymerase - forms concatemers during replication via terminal redundancy - cleavage is site specific (of encapsidation) - replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA |
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Bacteriophage ΦX174 |
- naked cubic - small DNA virus that uses host DNA synthesis machinary and can proofread - ssDNA circular genome - uses rolling circle replication - replication occurs in the nucleus to form dsDNA to form +mRNA |
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Bacteriophage Φ6 |
- segmented genome - transcribed separately to produce monocistronic mRNAs - is semiconservative |
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Bacteriophage Φ29 |
- DNA packaging - Energy intensive: 1 ATP hydrolyzed for every 2 bp packaged - replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA |
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Bacteriophage λ |
- small dsDNA virus that uses host DNA machinery and can proofread -linear genome that circularizes w. cohesive ends - uses rolling circle replication - cleavage is site specific (of encapsidation) - genome of virus is infectious - replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA |
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Bunyavirus |
- RNA is part positive and negative polarity (ambisense) - Snatch caps are in cytoplasm |
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Coronavirus |
- has 7 genes that each produce 1 mRNA - genome +RNA = mRNA (directly translated) - infectious |
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Filamentous phages |
- small ssDNA virus that uses host cell DNA synthesis machinary and can proofread - ssDNA circular genome - uses rolling circle replication - replication occurs in the nucleus to form dsDNA to form +mRNA |
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Flaviviruses |
- genome +RNA = mRNA (translated directly) - infectious |
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Orthomyxoviruses (influenza A) |
- irregular shape and size - enveloped virus - receptor-mediated endocytosis entry - segmented genome - replicated in nucleus - Mx1 inhibits transcription of negative strand viruses - Blocks binding of dsRNA to prevent production of interferons - Produces protein to inhibitors PKR - Cannot proofread, high error and mutation rates - negative strand virus - carriers RNA polymerase in virion and contains transcriptase - adheres to first AUG rule by having a segmented genome - uses RNA splicing for production of some mRNAs - uses fragment of RNA derived from cellular mRNAs to initiate transcriptase - exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies - carries out recombination by segment reassortment |
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Papilloma Virus |
- small dsDNA virus that uses host DNA synthesis machinary - dsDNA circular genome |
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Papovaviruses (SV40, polyoma) |
- small DNA virus uses host DNA synthesis machinery (enzyme from host cell) - dsDNA circular genome- can proofread |
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Paramyxoviruses (Measles, Sendai) |
- direct fusion entry - negative strand virus - carries RNA polymerase in virion |
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Parvoviruses (Adeno-Associated/AAV) |
- ssDNA virus that relies on DNA polymerase from host cell?? - have hairpin ends to solve the end problem - single stranded w. both polarities - can proofread - has squence-specific virally encoded nuclease during replication - replication occurs in the nucleus to form dsDNA to form +mRNA |
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Picornaviruses (polio and rhinoviruses) |
- naked and cubic - ssRNA - very narrow host range (mostly human): cells in intestinal mucosa, lymphoid tissues and certain neuronal cells - monoclonal antibodies prevent polio from attaching - protease cleaves PKR or produces a protein that inhibits PKR production - replication and copy choice recombination - genome is infectious - receptor has been cloned - can serve directly as an mRNA - adheres to First AUG Rule by synthesizing a polyprotein - exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies |
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Poxviruses |
- large dsDNA virus that codes for own DNA polymerases in the cytoplasm - have continuous ends to solve end problem - sequence-specific virally-encoded nuclease - carries an RNA polymerase in the virion |
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Reoviruses |
- segmented genome - makes proteins to bind to and disable dsRNA to interfere with interferons - regulates relative abundance of its gene products by producing a subgenomic mRNA - synthesizes mRNAs by a conservative mechanism - carries out recombination by segment reassortment - segmented genome- transcribed separately to produce monocistronic mRNAs - is conservative |
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Retroviruses (HIV-1) |
- direct fusion entry (HIV-I) - receptor-mediated endocytosis entry (retrovirus) - Cannot proofread, high error rate, low fidelity - RNA genome uses DNA intermediate - 2 steps in replication: - reverse transcriptase: dsDNA can proofread +RNA-> -DNA-> +/-DNA - Small multiple mutations increase chances for lethal mutations - carries DNA polymerase in virion - binds to PKR directly - exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies |
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Rhaboviruses |
- receptor-mediated endocytosis entry - negative strand virus - carries RNA polymerase in virion - exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies |
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RNA Bacteriophage |
- genome +RNA = mRNA (translated directly) - infectious |
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Rabacco Mosaic Viruses |
- naked and helical |
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Togaviruses |
- receptor-mediated endocytosis entry - positive strand virus - genome +RNA = +mRNA (translated directly) - infectious |
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Hepatitis B |
- terminal protein inhibits the signal transduction pathways that respond to the binding of interferon to the cell surface receptor to stop interferons - starts as dsDNA and relies on reverse transcriptse - dsDNA -> +RNA -> -DNA -> dsDNA -> +mRNA |
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Filovirus |
PLACE HOLDER |
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Herpesviruses |
- direct fusion and receptor-mediated endocytosis entry - large DNA virus that codes for its own DNA polymerase and can proofread - linear genome that circularizes with blunt end ligation - uses rolling circle replication - synthesizes 2'5' oligo A analogs to block activation of RNase L - Activates a phosphatase that removes phosphate from eIF-2a |