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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the six major components of the cardiovascular system
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Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Lymphatics, Fluid
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Function of the Heart
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Hollow muscular organ that moves blood through the body
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Function of the Arteries
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Carry blood AWAY from the heart (note: Arteries, Away=AA)
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Function of the Veins
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Carry blood TOWARDS the heart
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Function of the Capillaries
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Connect arteries to veins
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Function of the Lymphatics
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Drains intercellular fluid
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What 2 things is the Cardiovascular System responsible for?
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Delivery of oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the body tissue & Transport waste products to the appropriate system
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Describe the LOCATION of the heart in a mammalian animal
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Located within the thoracic cavity, more towards left side, usually medial to point of elbow
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Describe the ORIENTATION of the heart in a mammalian animal
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At an angle, top of heart is towards the head and back; bottom of heart towards the chest and tail.
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Describe the STRUCTURE of the heart in a mammalian animal
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Lined by the pericardial sac (protection), it consists of 4 chambers, dividing into the left (left atria and ventricle) and right (right atria and ventricle) side.
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What are the STRUCTURES associated with the heart (there are 6 structures, but three of those structures have 2 parts)
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Base, Apex, Atrium/Atria (plural) (2), Ventricle (2), Aorta, Vena Cava (2)
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Describe the BASE of the heart
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top part of the heart - the vessels enter and leave through the base
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Describe the APEX of the heart
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point of the heart (bottom)
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Describe the ATRIUM/ATRIA of the heart
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located towards the base, 2 chambers (left and right)
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Describe the VENTRICLE of the heart
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2 chambers (left and right), left side extends below the right ventricle. left ventricle has thicker muscle wall because it pumps blood to the entire body, right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
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Describe the AORTA of the heart
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main trunk of the arterial system, starts at the left ventricle and sends blood to the entire body
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Describe the VENA CAVA of the heart
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cranial and caudal vena cava - major blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
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Describe the characteristics of an ARTERY (5)
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carries blood away from the heart, thicker walled, tends to carry blood that contain higher amounts of oxygen, elastic walls, under high pressure
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Describe the characteristics of a VEIN (7)
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carry blood back towards the heart, thin walled, tend to carry blood that contains lower amounts of oxygen, low pressure, can collapse when no pressure (ie no blood in them), contain valves so blood only moves in one direction, more superficial
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What are the four valves within the heart?
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Left and Right Atrioventricular (AV) & Semilunar (Pulmonary and Aortic)
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Where are the Atrioventricular Valves?
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Between the atria and the ventricles
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What is another name for the Left AV valve and where is it located?
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bicuspid, between the left atrium and the left ventricle ("you can't be right until you try/tri")
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What is another name for the RIGHT AV valve and where is it located?
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tricuspid, between the right atrium and the right ventricle ("and when you left you said bye/bi")
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Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located and what does it control?
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Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, controls blood entering the lungs
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Where is the aortic semilunar valve?
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between the left ventricle and the aorta
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What does the LUB sound indicate in the heart?
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deeper, more prolonger sound due to the closure of the AV valves
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What does the DUB sound indicate in the heart?
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shorter, sharper sound due to the close of the semilunar valves.
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Define: Auscultation
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Listening to body sounds (usually with a stethoscope)
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Explain the flow of blood through the heart (11 steps)
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1) enters R atrium through cranial & caudal vena cava from body 2)through R AV valve 3)into R ventricle 4)through pulmonary semilunar valve 5)pulmonary artery takes blood to lungs 6)pulmonary vein returns blood to heart 7)into L atrium 8)through L AV valve 9)into L ventricle 10) through aortic semilunar valve 11)to aorta to entire body
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What factors influence heart rate?
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Gender (male slower), Age (young faster), Conditioning (athlete slower), Size (large slower)
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What are the main components of blood (4) and in what amounts (%) are they present?
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60% "liquid" plasma and 40% "formed elements" of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets
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What are the 7 functions of blood?
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TRANSPORT OXYGEN from lungs & body tissues. COLLECTS CARBON DIOXIDE from tissues and brings back to lungs for expulsion. DISTRIBUTES NUTRIENTS to the body. COLLECTS WASTE PRODUCTS and delivers to excretory organs for disposal. CARRIES HORMONES to the cells. MAINTAINS the FLUID CONTENT of tissues. TEMPERATURE REGULATOR for the body.
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Define LYMPHATIC system
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a network of vessels that run parallel to the venous system; part of the immune system that connects to the circulatory system
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What is the function of the lymphatic system?
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to RETURN excess lymph fluid to the blood, ABSORB fat and fat soluble vitamins from the digestive system and TRANSPORT them to the cells
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Lymph nodes are shaped like?
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small bean shaped structures
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What are the functions of the lymph NODES?
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filter lymph fluid (remove harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses) AND contain lymphocytes (destroy harmful substances and foreign material)
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Swollen lymph nodes may indicate ___________ as the cells are __________ within them
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disease, cells
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What are the 6 major LYMPH NODES?
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submandibular, parotid, prescapular, axillary, inguinal, popliteal
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Where are the SUBMANDIBULAR lymph nodes located?
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under the mandible
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Where are the PAROTID lymph nodes located?
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near the ear
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Where are the PRESCAPULAR lymph nodes located?
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in front of the shoulder
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Where are the AXILLARY lymph nodes located?
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in the armpits
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Where are the INGUINAL lymph nodes located?
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inside the leg
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Where are the POPLITEAL lymph nodes located?
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behind the stifle (knee)
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Define EDEMA
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accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces (swelling), e.g. heart failure - fluid does not move as well and collects
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Define ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG/EKG)
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the record of the electrical activity in the heart
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Define SHOCK
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insufficient blood volume - not enough blood circulating in the body, eg. hemmorhage, anemia
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Define CARDIOMYOPATHY
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disease of the heart muscle
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Define CARDITIS
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inflammation of the heart
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Define HEMATOMA
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collection of blood
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What is another name for HEARTWORM disease?
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dirofilariasis
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How is heartworm passed?
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through infected mosquitos
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How is heartworm transmitted in the body?
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heartworms mature in larger blood vessels, and mature worms settle in heart and can potentially obstruct blood flow through heart
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Heartworm is currently found in what animals?
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Dogs, cat, ferrets
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