Water Distribution: Distribution Facilities

A storage facility should be able to provide water for ________ and __________.

______ are used to store filtered water from a treatment plant.

_______may be located below the ground surface and are often made of concrete.

________ are placed high above a service area and are used primarily to maintain adequate and fairly uniform pressure to the service area.

One limitation of ____________ is that pressure in the distribution system may vary with the water level in the tank.

__________ are tanks that stand on the ground and have a height greater than their diameter.

Most _________ are constructed of concrete and are either circular or rectangular in shape.

All ______ should be covered to reduce the possibility of contamination.

________ should be located above drainage areas and locations subject to flooding.

A _________ or ________ contains a system in which a water pump is controlled by the air pressure in a tank partially filled with water.

Hydropneumatic tanks should contain the right amount of _____ to be effective.

The recommended water to air ratio is.

A limitation of ____________ or __________ is that they do not provide much storage to meet demands during power outages.

Are used to control water hammer or to regulate the flow of water.

Which type of storage facility is used for filtered water from water treatment plants?

A. Clear well

B. Sandpipe

C. Elevated tank

D. Pressure tank

What is the primary purpose of elevated tanks?

A. To prevent graffiti and vandalism to storage facilities

B. To attract commercial and industrial development

C. To enhance the scenery in a community

D. To maintain adequate and fairly uniform pressure to a service area

Why should reservoirs be covered?

A. To reduce the amount of paint required to cover reservoir surfaces

B. To reduce the possibility of contamination

C. To reduce the amount of evaporation

D. To reduce the time required for inspections

How do surge arrestor protect piping systems from hydraulic transients?

A. By sounding an alarm

B. By recording changes in flow rates

C. By controlling unusual velocity changes

D. By shutting down pumps in the water system

The selection of the type of _________ or _______ depends on the system's individual needs and type of terrain (land surface) where it will be installed.

Normally a _________ is located immediately downstream from a water treatment plant.

What is one advantage of using surge control valves in a water distribution system?

A. Easy to fit into plant

B. Easy to justify cost

C. Easy to buy replacement parts

D. Easy to purchase

The main function of a _________ is to take care of daily demands and especially peak demands.

Automatic water level regulation can be achieved using ___________.

____________ should be of the armored variety to protect it from rodents.

____________ cannot operate unless the impeller is submerged in water; never attempt to start a _____________ until you know that the pump is properly ________.

Indicators that may help you decide when the tank will need cleaning are turbidities over an accepted standard such as __________, excess color, taste and odors, and ___________________ which indicates the presence of bacteriological contamination.

What is main function of a distribution storage facility?

A. To provide for park facilities in conjunction with the storage facilities

B. To take care of daily demands and especially peak demands

C. To keep facilities operating during minimum flow periods

D. To allow operators time for training during periods of low demand

Which change in water levels occur during peak demand in distribution storage facilities?

A. Water levels remain steady

B. Water levels rise

C. Water levels vary

D Water levels drop

What do turbidity units (TU) measure in water systems?

A. Pollution of water

B. Cloudiness of water

C. Acidity of water

D. Temperature if water

_________ and __________ maintenance are important to keep a water system running smoothly.

Conduct routine inspections daily or weekly; perform periodic inspections monthly or qaurterly; and schedule comprehensive inspections every _____ to ________ maximum,as indicated by water quality needs.

Divers and equipment need to be disinfected with a solution containing a minimum of _______ before entering a tank.

________ in water can increase corrosion rates.

A low-voltage current is made to flow through a liquid (water) or a soil in contact with the metal in such a manner that the external ___________ render the structure _______.

This concentrates corrosion on auxiliary _______ parts, which are deliberately allowed to corrode instead of letting the water storage facility or other structure corrode.

__________ is the inactivated or destruction of disease-producing organisms.

Sodium hypochlorite usually is available in the range from _______ available chlorine.

After the tank has been sprayed with the hypochlorite solution, allow it to stand unused for at least _______ before filling.

Another method of disinfecting a water storage tank is to fill the tank with water with a high enough chlorine concentration to produce a chlorine residual of _____.

Which substance in the water influences the rate of corrosion in a storage facility?

A. Dissolved solvents

B. Dissolved oxygen

C. Carbon monoxide

D. Sulfate-increasing bacteria

________ are used to increase the pressure in the mains on the discharge side of the main pumps or to supply water to an elevated storage tank, and are used to supply water to a service area at a higher elevation.

Booster pumps are __________ pumps and care should be used in their operation.

A _________'s main function is to reduce pressure and maintain an even, acceptable pressure downstream form a high-pressure system.

______ are instruments that measure pressure.

Equipment records should include the ________ data, date of installation, startup data, failures, and any type of service performed on the equipment.

Where should a water system store nameplate data?

A. With personnel records

B with equipment records

C. With financial records

D. With timesheet records

In which areas of a storage facility should safety treads be installed?A. Storage tank door

B. Centrifugal pumps

C. Storage facility stairs

D. Regulator stations

Generally, water should be delivered with a working minimum pressure of ________ to all points in a distribution system.

The minimum pressure at a delivery point is ____.

Another factor that must be considered is the fact that water flowing in a pipe or conduit will lose pressure due to pipe ______ loss.

The higher the ______ the smoother the inside of the pipe.

If you were to drill a small hole in the top of the pipe and attach a vertical pipe to the hole the water inside the pipe would rise in the tube a distance equal to the ______.

The __________ always slopes downward in the direction of flow in a pipe, regardless of the actual ____ of the pipe.

Surge chambers are sometimes used to control_________.

Any dead end mains exceeding 1,000 of in length should be constructed of pipe _____ in diameter.

Why might a distribution system need to be oversized to meet fire demands?

A. To reduce the cost of pumping during a fire

B. A fire will draw water from the source very quickly

C. To ensure that the system does not experience excessive pressure during a fire.

D. A fire can put very high demands ona system for short periods of time.

Water is delivered from a system's source of supply through_________ to the distribution system.

What determines whether transmission mains are short or long and whether the water is transported by gravity or pumping?

A. Location of the source

B. The material used for transmission main construction

C. Treatment requirements to ensure safe water

D. Budget for the distribution system

Distribution reservoirs should be located as close to the _______ of use as possible.

Why should storage tanks be located in the center of use?

A. To reduce pumping costs

B. To provide anger capacities with fewer units

C. So that tanks do not interfere with views from houses and businesses

D. To maintain adequate pressures even during periods of high demand

Why are storage pumps often installed in parallel?

A. To serve relatively few customers located on very high or remote points

B. To permit the economical location of storage at the desirable hydraulic elevation of the system

C. To dewatering the Reservoir to allow for inspection and cleaning

D. To enable the number of pumps in operation to be varied depending on the flow through the pumping station

What are the 3 types of layouts used for water distribution? And what is most common

Contractor find it easier to lay pipe with the bells facing uphill when the main is being laid on a slope steeper than

A. 6%

B. 9%

C. 10%

D. 12%

Which is the best mechanical compacting equipment for clay, tills, and sits?

A. Hand-controlled plate tempers

B. Vibratory compactors

C. Irregular drum tempers

D. Boom-mounted plate tampers

Which is the best mechanical compacting equipment for sand in shallow lifts?

A. Hand-controlled plate tampers

B. Vibraory compactors

C. Irregular drum tampers

D. Boom-mounted plate tampers

What is the inlet thread on a standard AWWA corporation stop called?

A. Tapered Milwaukee thread

B. Minneapolis thread

C. Connelly thread

D. Mueller thread

If special bedding material is required by the design engineer due to poor local soil conditions, the material should not containmore than ______ clay or silt that can be sensitive to water.

A. 5%

B. 10%

C. 12%

D. 18%

When pipe cannot be structurally supported by natural trenching bedding due to very soft soils, ________ of additional soil should be removed and coarse granular materialin well-mixed sizes up to ________ used as backfill and placed on top of the geotextile fabric.

A. 6 to 12 inches; 2 inches

B. 12 to 24 inches; 3 inches

C. 24 to 36 inches; 2 inches

D. 24 to 36 inches; 4 inches

Who should be contacted to ensure proper disposal of groundwater from a pipe trenching project?

A. US Environmental Protection Agency

B. Bureau of Land Management, Water division

C. Local regulatory agency

D. Local city government or landowner

Which is the bolt torque for mechanical-joint on a standard 48-inch ductile-iron water main?

A. 45 to 60 ft-lb

B. 120 to 150 ft-lb

C. 225 to 250 ft-lb

D. 275 to 325 ft-lb

Which type of pipe joint lacks flexibility and thus should not normally be buried?

A. Mechanical joint

B. Flanged joint

C. Restrained joint

D. Shouldered joint

Which type of pipe joint is most commonly used for river crossings?

A. Ball and socket joint

B. Shouldered joint

C. Push-on joint

D. Expansion joint

Ball and socket joints can provide deflections of up to

A. 10.0 degrees

B. 13.0 degrees

C. 15.0 degrees

D. 17.5 degrees

Any dead end mains exceeding 2,000 feet in length should be constructed of pipe _____ in diameter.

All iron pipe today is ______ pipe, which was introduced in 1955 as an improvement to cast iron pipe.

Water mains parallel to sanitary sewers should be installed at least _____ horizontally away from the sewers and at least _______ higher than any nearby sanitary sewer line.

A water main should not be closer than ___, and preferably _____ horizontally away from wastewater leach fields, cesspool, seepage pits, and septic tanks.

- valve may have a tappered or cylindrical plug with an opening through the side, which can be turned to open restrict or close the flow.

What is the first choice of methods to protect pipe from corrosion?

A. Proper use of noncorrosive metals and mechanical coatings

B. Vacuum, pressure-relief, and pressure reducing valves

C. Cathodic protection

D. Chemical control methods

When installing water mains parallel to sanitary sewers, what is the recommended minimum horizontal separation between the two pipes?

A. 8 feet

B. 5 feet

C. 10 feet

D. 4 feet

What is shoring?

A. A complete framework of wood or metal that is designed to support the walls of a trench

B. A wooden or metal wall place on a trench

C. An area near a body of water with a high groundwater table

D. An area where surface water is readily visible and scenic

When installing braces or screw jacks, which one should be installed first?

A. Right brace or jack

B. Left brace or jack

C. Bottom brace or jack

D. Top brace or jack

Which type of valve has a movable disc as large as the full diameter of the pipe?

A. Butterfly valve

B. Plug valve

C. Gate valve

D. Ball valve

Where are pressure relief valves most commonly installed?

A. On pipes 4 inches in diameter and smaller

B. On the side outlet of a tee at a specific point in the system

C. At the high point of a line

D. On supply lines to elevated tanks or standpipes

What type of meters are nutating-disc, and piston meters.

What type of meters are turbine, propeller, venturi, electronic, insertion metets?

The ______ meter is the most commonly used on small-diameter domestic services.

One principal type of meter that will not interfere with the flow of water if the meter fails is the _______.

What is the main advantage of compound meters?

A. They accurately measure flows from a fraction of a gallon to the normal capacity of the pipeline

B. They can measure wide variations of flow rate within their rated capacity

C. They are less expensive then venturi meters

D. Their low head loss is ideal for a meter that must pass high rates of flow

What is one way to correctly size a meter on a service connection?

A. The meter should be proportional to the main

B. The meter should be the same size as the service line

C. The meter should be one size larger than the service line

D. The meter should be one size smaller than the service line