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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Occurs when a body moves over the same path repeatedly in equal time intervals
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Periodic motion
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Frequency of the spring depends on:
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-the spring stiffness of the spring
-amount of mass hanging from the spring |
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Acceleration produced from the force acting on mass is directly proportional to the displacement of the mass from the equilibrium
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Hooke's Law
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linear motion in which the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position and is directed toward that position
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Simple Harmonic Motion
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an object suspended so that it can swing back and forth about about an axis
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pendulum
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a disturbance that propagates through a medium or space
it transports energy without transporting matter |
Waves
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a single nonperiodic disturbance
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pulse wave
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a wave disturbance produced by a motion that is occurring at equal time intervals, or is considered periodic
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continuous wave
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a disturbance in the equilibrium positions of matter, the magnitude of which is dependent on location and on time
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mechanical waves
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the two types of mechanical waves are:
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transverse and longitudinal waves
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the displacement of particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction in which the pulse (or wave train) is traveling
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transverse wave
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the maximum displacement of the vibrating particles of the medium from their equilibrium positions
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amplitude
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a disturbance where the displacement of the particles of the medium is on the direction parallel to the direction the pulses are traveling.
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longitudinal waves
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of a periodic wave, is the number of crests (or troughs) passing a given point in a unit time
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frequency
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the time between the passage of two successive crests (or troughs) past a given point
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period
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the distance between consecutive points of the corresponding phase
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wavelength
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the rate of transfer of energy
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power
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the reduction of amplitude due to dissipation of energy as it travels from the source
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damping
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the direction of propagation of the advancing straight wave is perpendicular to the wave front
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rectilinear (straight line) propagation
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consists of particles that are all in the same phase of motion
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wave front
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occurs as a wave is turned back when it encounters a barrier that is the boundary of the medium in which the wave is traveling
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reflection
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allows unrestrained displacement of the particles of a medium so...no change in phase
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free-end
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when a wave disturbance is reflected at the boundary of a transmitting medium, the angle of incidence, i, is equal to the angle of reflection, r.
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law of reflection
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when restrained, or at a fixed termination of the medium, reflection occurs with a reversal of the direction of the displacement, or a phase shifts of 180
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fixed-end
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a ratio telling you how easily a wave can travel through a medium
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impedance
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a device to help connect two mismatched impedances
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impedance transformers
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the bending of the path of a wave disturbance as it passes obliquely from one medium to another or different propagation speeds
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refraction
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the spreading of a wave disturbance beyond the edge of a barrier
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diffraction
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this phenomenon describes the effects produced by two or more waves that superpose
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interference
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resultant displacement is greater than either one separately
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constructive interference
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resultant displacement is less than one of the waves
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destructive interference
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points of zero displacement
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nodes
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points of maximum displacement
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antinodes
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produced by the interference of two periodic waves of the same wavelength, frequency, and amplitude traveling in opposite directions
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standing waves
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the range of compression wave frequencies where the human ear is sensitive
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sound
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the frequency range over which longitudinal waves occur
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sonic spectrum
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the time rate at which the sound energy flows through a unit area normal to the direction of propagation
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intensity
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the sensation that depends on this intensity of sound waves reaching the ear
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loudness
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the intensity of the faintest sound audible to the average human
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threshold of hearing
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the upper intensity level of audible sounds able to cause pain
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threshold of pain
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the ratio of the intensity of a sound to the intensity of the threshold of hearing
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relative intensity
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the characteristic of sound that depends on the frequency the ear receives
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pitch
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the change in pitch produced by the relative motion of the source and the observer
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the doppler effect
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the lowest frequency produced by a standing wave when a string vibrates as a single unit
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fundamental tone
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frequencies higher than the fundamental node that are whole number multiples of it
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harmonics (overtones)
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the frequency of a vibrating string depends on its:
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1.) length 3.) tenstion
2.) diameter 4.) density |
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when a sound nearby, or in contact, forces another object (such as a sounding board) to vibrate
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forced vibrations
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the inducing of vibrations to an object by a vibrating source having the same frequency
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resonance (sympathetic vibrations)
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a boundary (interface) between two mediums acts as a closed end termination, a NODE
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closed tube
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amplitude pulsations caused by waves traveling through the same medium in the same direction with slightly different frequencies. they will combine (superimpose) to give a wave that varies in amplitude with time.
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beats
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