Western Art History 3

The colonial system or principle. (structure of same type as capitalism)

The territories occupied by the (Celtic) Britons

1914-1918

1939–1945

1950-1953

1955-1975

Period of history in Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.

(Rape of Europa)

Suppression of Avantgarde p1056

A pejorative term viciously applied by the Nazis to all art which did not conform to their ideology and their promotion of NATIONAL SOCIALIST ART during the period 1933–45

Annual "Entartete Kunst" exhibition mocking degenerate art work by Beckmann, Ernst, Grosz,Mondrian, and Picasso. First held in 1937

That aims at a faithful representation of nature; realistic

Designating art which is not founded on an attempt to represent external reality, but rather seeks to achieve an effect on the viewer purely by the use of shape, colour, and texture; of or relating to art of this kind.

Of art that does not attempt to describe the appearance of visible forms but rather to transform them into stylized patterns or to alter them in conformity to ideals.

A general term applied to art which is not concerned with the depiction of the visual world.

Not object.

Art considered as an end in itself.

At its most extreme, the doctrine of art for art's sake holds that art is of no use whatever, that it has no real-world application, and that it is the appropriate object of an absolutely “pure” regard.

in part represents the Romantic attack on neoclassicism

Picasso and Braque were the creators

Geometric shapes

Can be considered first and most influential movements

Fauvism's stark juxtapositions of complementary hues.

A composition made of cut and pasted scraps of materials, sometimes with lines or forms added by the artist.

Artwork created by gathering and manipulating two- and/or three-dimensional found objects.

Collage as sculpture.

(The Bridge) was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905-1913

Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff

A group of artists united in rejection of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany

Musician who Kandinsky contacted in 1910.

Schoenberg eliminated the tonal center and treated all tones equally, denying the listener any place of repose and prolonging the expressive tension of his music indefinitely.

“Color directly influences the soul. Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another purposively, to cause vibrations in the soul.”

The representation of successive phases of movement in a picture, as found in certain aspects of CUBISM and FUTURISM.

A concept based on Michel-Eugène Chevreul’s law of the simultaneous contrast of colors that proposed collapsing spatial distance and temporal sequence into the simultaneous “here and now” to create a harmonic unity out of the disharmonious world.

Purism was developed in Paris by Le Corbusier

Domino Construction: System of building construction introduced by the architect Le Corbusier in which reinforced concrete floor slabs are floated on six free-standing posts placed as if at the positions of the six dots on a domino playing piece.

front page of the Parisian newspaper Le Figaro.

He attacked everything old, dull, and “feminine,” and proposed to shake Italy free of its past by embracing an exhilarating, “masculine,” “futuristic,” and even dangerous world based on the thrill, speed, energy, and power of modern urban life.

international exhibition of modern art in 1913 in new york.

mostly received well. some artists caused public outrage.

cut and paste of photos into a new photo

(German for “refuse picture”).

dada

discarded debris (news paper, stamps, lables) to create poetry

Fountain

gallery organizer

worked to establish photography as a fine art

gallery opened by alfred stieglits on 5th avenue

european architect

pioneer of modern architecture

1913 essay

stucco reinforced concrete geometric shape

ornament

evolution of culture is removal of ornament from utilitarian objects

plainly visible structure and rejection of historicism, dominated new urban construction in much of the world after World War II.

van der rohe

segram building

Le Corbusier

System of building construction introduced by the architect Le Corbusier in which reinforced concrete floor slabs are floated on six free-standing posts placed as if at the positions of the six dots on a domino playing piece.

Le Corbusier published in 1926

proposed raising houses above the ground on pilotis (free-standing posts); using flat roofs as terraces; using movable partition walls slotted between supports on the interior and curtain walls (nonload-bearing walls) on the exterior to allow greater design flexibility; and using ribbon windows (windows that run the length of the wall).

Frank Lloyd Wright

the prairie school is the group of architects who mimic the sprawling prairies

vertical steel beams and glass p1049

first 1880-1900

gilbert

wool-worth building

1911-1913

dubbed so for its gothic style

tallest building of it's time

An artistic movement, originating in Moscow in 1920, concerned mainly with expression by means of constructions

1919 and was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favour of art as a practice for social purposes.

artworks created for a specific site

The realistic depiction of contemporary (esp. working-class) life as a means of social or political comment; spec. (the name of) a U.S. artistic movement of the 1930s that favored this approach.

A temporary shanty town.

the major worldwide economic depression that began in 1929

The programme of social and economic reform planned by the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1932 onwards to counteract the effects of the Great Depression, involving a massive programme of public works and the large-scale granting of loans

"the style" loosly associated group and their journal.

Their common aim was to find laws of equilibrium and harmony that would be applicable to life and society as well as art, and the style that is associated with them is one of austere abstract clarity. The greatest impact of De Stijl was not on painting but on architecture and the applied arts (including furniture design and TYPOGRAPHY)

influential on the founders of the bauhaus

"house of building"

walter gropious

found the strict geometric shapes and lines of Purism and De Stijl too rigid and argued that a true German architecture and design should emerge organically.

medieval building guilds

masons’ lodges

1919 declared that “the ultimate goal of all artistic activity is the building,” the Bauhaus offered no formal training in architecture until 1927.

Term derived from the French military word meaning “before the group,” or “vanguard.” Avant-garde denotes those artists or concepts of a strikingly new, experimental, or radical nature for their time.

rape of europa

1056

revolt against logic and reason

offshoot of dada

A movement in art and literature seeking to express the subconscious mind by any of a number of different techniques, including the irrational juxtaposition of realistic images, the creation of mysterious symbols, and automatism

releasing the subconscious to create the work of art without rational intervention in order to produce surprising new juxtapositions of imagery and forms.

Max Ernst

Max Ernst (1891–1976), a self-taught German artist who collaborated in Cologne Dada and later joined Breton’s circle in Paris, developed the automatist technique of frottage in 1925.

rubbed a pencil or crayon over a piece of paper placed on a textured surface and allowed the resulting image to stimulate his imagination.

painting version of frottage

scraped layers of paint over a canvas laid on a textured surface, and then “revealed” the imagery he saw in the paint with additional painting.Stokstad, Marilyn; Cothren, Michael (2013-01-06). Art History, 5/e (Page 1057). Pearson. Kindle Edition.

shape suggesting living things.

Denoting the biologically or organically inspired shapes and forms that were routinely included in abstracted Modern art in the early twentieth century.

The word "Biomorphic" is a term commonly referred as organic, abstract shapes derived from biology or living organisms. The word, "bio", means life; and "morphic", meaning transformation. In an art sense, it is a focus on the power of natural life and use of organic shapes & line work.

reference p1059

1933

English artists Barbara Hepworth (1903–1975), Henry Moore (1898–1986), and Paul Nash (1889–1946), along with the poet and critic Herbert Read (1893–1968)

promoted the use of hand-crafted, Surrealist-influenced biomorphic forms in sculpture

1930s african american immigration to the north. called for social and political activism among african americans

p1060

1930s. new deal. great depression. initiative to supply work for artists. lasted for 5 months. produced 15,000 works by 4,000 artists.

Frida. Diego Rivera.

Mexican revolution 1910>political instability.

artists received government commission to create naturalistic murals.

concerning form over content

An approach to the understanding, appreciation, and valuation of art based almost solely on considerations of form. The Formalist’s approach tends to regard an artwork as independent of its time and place of making.

influenced by the teachings of Carl Jung who described a collective unconscious of universal archetypes shared by all humans.

not a formally organized movement but rather a loosely affiliated group of artists who worked in the city and were bound by a common purpose: to express their profound social alienation after World War II and to make new art that was both moral and universal.

??

Using broad gestures to drip or pour paint onto a pictorial surface. Associated with mid-twentieth-century American Abstract Expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock.

The Color Field painters moved in a different direction, painting large, flat areas of color to evoke more transcendent, contemplative moods in paint.

Combination of painting and sculpture using nontraditional art materials.

An art form developed by Allan Kaprow in the 1960s, incorporating performance, theater, and visual images. A Happening was organized without a specific narrative or intent; with audience participation, the event proceeded according to chance and individual improvisation.

A contemporary artwork based on a live, sometimes theatrical performance by the artist.

performance art

Pierre Restany

realism beyond painting

warhol

warhol

dominated in the 1960s

The practice of using the minimum means necessary to achieve a desired result.

Dada argues that the idea is the work of art, Conceptual artists argue that “idea” and “form” are separable in art.

early 1970s

A style of art, esp. sculpture, which emphasizes or focuses on the process through which a work is created rather than its form

Advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social, and economic rights of the female sex; the movement

women’s liberation movement of the 1960s as a challenge to one of the major unspoken conventions of art history: that great art could only be made by men.

****Modern art ends in 60s

Postmodernism, feminism, and photography all forced viewers to confront difference; all challenged the authority of the canon; none particularly valued originality or individual artistic mastery.

addressing race in art

addressing ethnicity

land as canvas

earthworks tend to be site specific in that they are designed only for a specific location

A social structure or goal that allows members of diverse ethnic, racial, or other groups to exist peacefully within the society while continuing to practice the customs of their own divergent cultures. Also: an adjective describing the state of having a variety of valid contemporary styles available at the same time to artists.

that wall sculpure in ny that everyone hated "why do i have to walk around this"

contemporary art 1990s

addressing issues