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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phillip II
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THE MOST CATHOLIC PRINCE OF CHRISTENDOM
Son of Charles V (Holy Roman Emporer) King of Spain- with Queen Isabella Had 4 wives- one of who was Bloody Mary Habsburg empire |
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Phillip II's Religioius Wars
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The Armada - Catholic Spain v. Protestant England
Spain v. Low Countries- Catholic monarch v. his protestant subjects Spanish Inquisition- internal war against heretics |
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Escorial
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monastary built at the order of Philip II to commemorate the winning of Spanish v. French
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Top 10 events of Louis XIV's Life
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1. His Conception- not really son
2. Death of his father- was only 4 so mother ruled with lover 3. Fronde- Civil war causing him to not trust nobles 4. Revocation of Edict of Nantes- 5. Building of Versailles- symbol of absolutism 6. Final creation of an absolutist State "one King, ONe law, One faith" Louis XIV's Wars- Dutch Wars, War of Austrian Succession, War of Spanish succession, Battle of Blehheim 8. Married his Mistress 9. Sponsors La Salle 10. Death of his heirs - son and grandson die before him |
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Louvre
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Museum found in France
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Fronde
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Civil War that happened during Louis XIV's childhood causing him to distrust the nobles
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Edict of Fountainbleu
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Revocation of the Edict of Nantes- done by his grandfather
No longer legal to be a protestant in France, All Huguenots had to convert of leave. |
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Versailles
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Built by Louis XIV
Was a symbol of Absolutism Helped him to keep an eye on nobles |
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Absolutism
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Richelieu is the architect- started by Louis XIII
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"Sun King"
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Henry XIV
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Louis XIV's Motto
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One King, One Law, One Faith
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Louis XIV's Wars
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Dutch Wars- he claimed Spanish Netherlands. Dutch opened dikes to stop French Invasion (flooded themselves)
War of Austrian Succession- Prussia became a superior power as a result War of Spanish Succession-intervened to defend his grandson's right to the throne Battle of Blehheim |
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Battle of Blehheim
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a Battle lost by Louis XIV
against the british- Duke of Mariborough aka John Churchill |
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2 examples of absolutist Monarchs
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Louis XIII, XIV, XV
Napolean Peter the Great Catherine the Great |
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Enlightened Monarch
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Still absolutist but they voluntarily agree to be kind
- Frederick II of Prussia - Joseph II of Austria - Catherine the Great of Russia |
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Louis XV - great grandson of
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Louis XIV
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Louis XV - official mistress
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Madame de Pompedour
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Louis XV - 7 years war
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French and Indian War, lost Canada to britain in 1763
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Royal etiquette at Versailles
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Louis XIV- Son King, helped keep him as an absolutist
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ENLIGHTENMENT
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A philosophical movement of the 17th/18th century which stressed man's ability to reason and to discover the "natural laws" for governing a society
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Diderot
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Enlightened Philosopher
wrote Encyclopedie 1751- compendium of human knowledge |
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Voltaire
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Most famous man of Enlightenment
- religious toleration - deist - did not believe god answered prayers - christ is not divine - original playwright of Candide |
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Montesquieu
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Relativist
Republicanism was good for small nations separation of powers- influenced franklin, madison, jefferson, adams |
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Locke
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"cause of the enlightenment?"
tabula rasa "blank slate" Knowledge is gained by experience and nothing is known innately "essays concerning Human understanding" |
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Rousseau
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inlfuenced by Locke
Sociol Contract- Russocial Contract Natural Rights- Life, Liberty, Property, |
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Descartes
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"I think therefore I am"
Discourses on Method |
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Adam Smith
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Natural Economic Laws
Supply and Demand Laissez Faire Opposed to mercantilism |
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Salons
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Social gatherings as arena for spread of ideas
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Peter the Great
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Czar of Russia- Absolutist Monarch
Most famous for modernizing Russia Half brother mentally retarded |
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Romanov dynasty
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1613-1917
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warm water port
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to make Russia be able to trade- would give access to the baltic Sea
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Great Northern War
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Was fought against teh Swedes 1700-1721
Gained land to the Baltic Sea New Capital "Window to the West" |
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Russian Orthodox Church
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They do not get along
Attacked powwer of the church Abolished office of patriach Melted church bells for cannons imposed taxes on churches |
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Peter the Great's Reforms
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Westernizes Russia
Reorganized the Army- promotions on merit |
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Czar Alexander I
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Has to deal with Napoleon
Grandmother is Catherine the Great |
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Hermitage
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Russian Museum built by Catherine the Great
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***Catherine the Great***
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Overthrough her insane husband Peter (grandson of Peter the Great) she was and absolutist enlightened monarch and is known for her many lovers
Also is known for trying to westernize Russia and for building the Hermitage |
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Louis XIV's Motto
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One King, One Law, One Faith
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Louis XIV's Wars
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Dutch Wars- he claimed Spanish Netherlands. Dutch opened dikes to stop French Invasion (flooded themselves)
War of Austrian Succession- Prussia became a superior power as a result War of Spanish Succession-intervened to defend his grandson's right to the throne Battle of Blehheim |
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Battle of Blehheim
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a Battle lost by Louis XIV
against the british- Duke of Mariborough aka John Churchill |
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2 examples of absolutist Monarchs
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Louis XIII, XIV, XV
Napolean Peter the Great Catherine the Great |
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Enlightened Monarch
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Still absolutist but they voluntarily agree to be kind
- Frederick II of Prussia - Joseph II of Austria - Catherine the Great of Russia |
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Louis XV - great grandson of
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Louis XIV
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Louis XV - official mistress
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Madame de Pompedour
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Louis XV - 7 years war
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French and Indian War, lost Canada to britain in 1763
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Royal etiquette at Versailles
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Louis XIV- Son King, helped keep him as an absolutist
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ENLIGHTENMENT
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A philosophical movement of the 17th/18th century which stressed man's ability to reason and to discover the "natural laws" for governing a society
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Copernicus
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REVOLUTION
Polish Heliocentric Universe Earth has 3 motions Inacuracies- Universe Finite, Rings move planets |
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Brahe and Kepler
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Finished copernican Revolution
Brahe- destroys 2 sphere theory Kepler- Elliptical orbits, speed not uniform |
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Galileo
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Telescope
Sees saturns rings, Jupiters moons, Milky way, moon craters Church sees him as a heretic |
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Newton
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GRAVITY
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Principia
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Newton's book
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Harvey
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discovered circulation of blood
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FRENCH REVOLUTION
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Caused by Hunger/Overpopulation
Enlghtenment American Revolution |
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***Causes of the American Revolution***
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1. F &W War. B believed C should pay for it since it was fought for them, C believed B should pay b/c they won land not c
2. Regulatory Legislation- Proclamation Line 1763, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, etc. 3. Boston Massacre 4. Britains response to the Tea Party- Intolerable Acts- closing down the Port, ending town meetings |
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Battles of Lexington and Concord
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First Battles of Rev. War
Lexington- shot heard round the world Concord- where arsenal hidden |
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John Adams
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2nd president
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Marquis de Lafayette
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French Aristocrat who helped US in Rev
Writes DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN (like US Const.) |
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Thomas Jefferson
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Writes declaration of Independence
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Battle of Yorktown
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Where English finally give in
Cornwallis surrenders to Washington |
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Treaty of Paris 1783
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done at Versailles, negotiated by Franklin
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Estates-General
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National Legislature of France- had not been called in since 1614
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Tennis Court Oath
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Take by the 3 estate
Oath not to leave until they finished the Constitution |
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Bastille Day
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First day of the French Revolution
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***Causes of the French Reolution***
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1. American Revolution
2. Hunger/Overpopulation 3. Enlightenment 4. Financial Crisis/Debt |
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Dr. Guillotine
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Invented the Guillotine
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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similar to the U.S. Constitution
written by Marquis de LaFayette |
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Robespierre
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French political leader who ordered thousands guillotined before he himself was guillotined
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Thermidorian Reaction
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A moderate group who participated in the bringing down of Robespierre
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Temple of Reason
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the new name of Notre Dame
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Talleyrand
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a political aristocrat who managed to survive many regimes
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The Terror
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during the French Revolution, mass executions
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Civil Constitutions of the Clergy
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The oath the clergy had to make in allegiance to the state
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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Fights lots of Battles, goes to Egypt and finds the Rosetta Stone. Ruler of France
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First Consul
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what Napoleon declares himself
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St. Helena
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Final Island that Napoleon exiled to and finally dies
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Elba
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The Island that Napoleon exiled to and escapes
(Count of Monte Cristo) |
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100 days
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return of Napoleon during rule of Louis XVII
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Josephine
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true love of Napoleon
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Civil code of 1804
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Comprehensive legal code for France, much of which survices today
Bank of France, security of private property etc. |
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***What Causes Napoleon to fall from Power***
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The Russian Invasion- they were not well prepared for the weather
Retreat and russians attack from behind |
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Duke of Wellington- Arthur Wellesley
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British Commander who wins at Waterloo
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Waterloo- 1814
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Napoleons Last Battle before exiled to St. Helena
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Les Invalides
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french hospital for veterans
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Austerlitz, Borodino
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Two battles Napoleon Won
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Battle of Trafalgar
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naval battle Napoleon lost to British
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***Congress of Vienna***
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one of the most important international european conferances. Set to put back europe to pre Napoleon, original monarchs
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*** Causes of the English Civil War***
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Charles I tried to be an absolutist King, but was overthrown and publicly executed signed by Oliver Cromwell
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***Reason's for Jamess II's deposition***
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his religion- increasing Religious toleration for Catholics
Displaced by his daughter and Prince William of Orange |
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Cavaliers
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English Royalists
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Roundheads
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Parliament
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