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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Princeps arma meliora in manibus militum posuit, ut hostes terrerent.
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The commander put better weapons in the soldiers’ hands, so that they could frighten the enemy.
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purpose clause: ut + subj.
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Hostes quidem negaverunt se arma dissimilia habere.
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Indeed, the enemy denied that they had different weapons.
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indirect statement: infinitive phrase with accusative subject
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Pars militum lucem diei vitavit ne hic viderentur.
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A portion of the soldiers avoided the light of day, lest they be seen here.
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- neg. purpose clause: ne + subj (a neg result clause does not use ne).
- historical sequence of tenses (main verb in past; imp. subordinate subjunctive to indicate same time or after) |
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Solem primam lucem caeli superi, lunam primam lucem vesperi, et stellas oculos noctis appellabant.
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They used to call the sun the first light of the sky above, the moon the first light of the evening, and the stars the eyes of the night.
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Illi adulescentes sapientiae denique cedant ut feliciores his sint.
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Let those youths finally yield to wisdom so they may be happier than these ones.
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- jussive subjunctive in main clause
- purpose clause: ut + subj. - abl. of comparison |
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Sapientes putant beneficia esse potentiora quam verba acerba et turpia.
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Wise men consider kindnesses to be more powerful than harsh and shameful words.
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- indirect statement: inf. verb + acc. subj.
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Quidam magister verba tam dura discipulis dixit ut discederent.
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A certain teacher spoke such harsh words to the students that they left.
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- result clause: ut + subj. and usually contains an adverb or adj. indicating degree (here - tam)
- historical sequence of tenses: main verb in past; imp. subordinate subj to indicate action at same time or after |
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Responderunt auctorem horum novem remediorum esse medicam potentissimam.
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They answered that the creator of these nine cures was the ablest doctor.
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- indirect statement: acc. subj. + verb in inf.
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Nihil vero tam facile est ut sine labore id facere possimus.
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Nothing is indeed so easy that we can accomplish it without labor.
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- result clause: ut + subj. and usually contains an adverb or adj. indicating degree (here - tam)
- primary sequence of tenses: pres ind + pres subj to indicate action at same time or after |
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Pro labore studioque patria nostra nobis plurimas occasiones bonas praestat.
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In return for labor and zeal, our fatherland offers us (very) many good opportunities.
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Parentes plurima oscula dederunt natae gracili, in qua maximam delectationem semper inveniebant.
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The parents gave (very) many kisses to their thin daughter, in whom they always found the greatest delight.
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Erant verba philosophi difficillima, ut audientes ea discere non possent.
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The words of the philosopher were very difficult, so that those listening were unable to learn them.
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- purpose clause (ut + subj; not probably not a result clause since there is no adv. or adj of degree anticipating (e.g. ita, tam, sic, tantus - difficillima doesn't count, I think))
- historical sequence: past - imperf subj to indicate same time or after |
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Duae feminae haec cupivere intellegere ne agerent vitas turpis.
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The two women wished to understand these things so that they might not live base lives.
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- neg purpose clause: ne + subj. (note neg. result clause uses a neg word (e.g. non, nihil, nemo, numquam, or nullus) other than ne)
- "-ere" is a common alternative ending (to "-erunt") for third person plur of the act. perfect system. - historical sequence: past ind - imp subj to indicate same time or after |
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Illae ita dulces quattuor uxores erant ut plurima beneficia acciperent.
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Those four wives were so pleasant that they received very many kindnesses.
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- result clause: ut + subj. and anticipated by adv or adj of degree (here: "ita").
- historical sequence: past ind. - imp. subj to indicate same time or after |
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Tertium scriptoris carmen dixit esse tam pulchrum ut milium civium delectaret mentes.
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He said that the writer's third poem was so beautiful that it delighted the minds of thousands of citizens.
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- indirect statement: verb of speech or thought + acc subj. + infinitive
- result clause: ut + subj. anticipated by "tam" - Mille, 1,000, is an indeclinable adj. in the singular, but in the plural it functions as a neuter i-stem noun of the third declension - so "milium" is neuter, genitive, plural - with milia the genative of the whole is used (with other cardinal numbers the idea of the whole is regularly expressed by ex or de and the ablative). |
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Omnia vincit Amor; et nos cedamus Amori. (Virgil)
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Loves conquers all things; and let us yield to Love.
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jussive subjunctive
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Urbem clarissimam condidi; mea moenia vidi; explevi cursum quem Fata dederant. (Virgil)
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I have founded the most famous city; I have seen my city-walls; I have completed the voyage which the Fates had given.
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cursus, cursus: course/direction, line of advance, orbit; voyage/passage; race; career; series;
lesson expleo, explere, explevi, expletus: fill out; fill, fill up, complete, finish; satisfy, satiate |
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Ita durus eras ut neque amore neque precibus molliri posses. (Terrence)
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You were so stern that neither by love nor by prayers could you be softened.
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result clause: ut + subj (anticipated by Ita)
historical sequence: past (imperf.) - imperf subj to indicate same time or later prex, precis, f., prayer |
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Nemo quidem tam ferox est ut non moliri possit, cultura data. (Horace)
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Certainly no one is so fierce that he cannot be softened, with culture having been given.
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- result clause: ut + subj. anticipated by "tam"
- primary sequence: present indicative - present subj to indicate same time or after cultura, culturae |
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Difficile est saturam non scribere; nam quis est tam patiens malae urbis ut se teneat? (Juvenal)
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It is difficult to not write a satire; for who is so tolerant the evil city that he can restrain himself?
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- patiens, gen. patientis, tolerant of
- result claus: ut + subj. anticipated by "tam" - primary sequence: present indicative - present subj to indicate same time or after |
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Fuit quondam in hac re publica tanta virtus ut viri fortes civem perniciosum acrioribus poenis quam acerbissimum hostem reprimerent. (Cicero)
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There once was such great virtue in this republic that brave men would press back a pernicious citizen with harsher punishments than the bitterest enemy.
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- perniciosus, -a, -um pernicious; re-primo, cp. opprimo
- result clause: ut + subj anticipated by "tanta" - historical sequence: past - imp subj to indicate same time or after - when quam follows a comparative degree adjective it functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning than |
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Ita praeclara est recuperatio libertatis ut ne mors quidem in hac re sit fugienda. (Cicero)
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So splendid is the recovery of liberty that not even death is to be fled in this matter.
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- recuperatio, -onis, recovery
- ne ... quidem: not even - result clause: ut + subj anticipated by Ita - primary sequence with passive periphrastic |
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Ne rationes meorum periculorum utilitatem rei publicae vincant. (Cicero)
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Let the reasons for my dangers not defeat the republic’s advantage.
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- utilitas, -tatis, advantage; cp. utilis
- jussive subjunctive |
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Eo tempore Athenienses tantam virtutem praestiterunt ut decemplicem numerum hostium superarent, et hos sic perterruerunt ut in Asiam refugerent. (Nepos)
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In that time, the Athenians showed so much virtue that they could overcome tenfold the number of the enemy, and they so terrified them that they fled back into Asia.
Athenienses, -ium, Athenians. decemplex, -icis, tenfold |
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Orator exemplum dignum petat ab Demosthene illo, in quo tantum studium tantusque labor fuisse dicuntur ut impedimenta naturae diligentia industriaque superaret. (Cicero)
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Let the orator seek a worthy example from Demosthenes, in whom such great study and such great effort are said to have existed, so that he overcame the impediments of nature by diligence and industry. [edited by me]
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- petat: jussive subjunctive
- indirect statement: acc subj + infinitive - result clause: ut + subjunctive anticipated by tantum tantusque - historical sequence: past + imp. subj to indicate same time or after |
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Praecepta tua sint brevia ut cito mentes discipulorum ea discant teneantque memoria fideli. (Horace)
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Let your lessons be brief so the students’ minds may learn them quickly and hold them with a faithful memory.
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- jussive subjunctive in main clause
- purpose clause: ut + subj - primary seqeunce: present indicative - present subj. to indicate same time or after |
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Nihil tam difficile est ut non possit studio investigari. (Terence)
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Nothing is so difficult that it cannot be investigated with zeal.
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- result clause: ut + subj anticipated by "tam"
- primary sequence: present indicative - present subj to indicate same time or after - abl of means or instrument: abl + no prep (can't be abl of manner, which is cum + abl. p. (91-92 Wheelock)) |
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Bellum autem ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita esse videatur. (Cicero)
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However, let war be thus undertaken so that nothing except peace seems to have been sought.
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- jussive subjunctive
- result clause: ut + subjunctive anticipated by "ita" - indirect statement: acc subject + infinitive |
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Tanta est vis probitatis ut eam etiam in hoste diligamus. (Cicero)
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So great is the force of probity that we love it even in an enemy.
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- result clause: ut + subj. anticipated by "tanta"
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