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22 Cards in this Set
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( the problem is in the hemoglobin synthesis-genarally the problem , low iron (IDA) , deffective protoporphyrin synthesis (Lead poisoning and sideroblastic) , Iron sequestration ( anemia of chronic disease) globin chain synthesis (thalassemia) T-HALASSEMIAA -NEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE/ CHRONIC INFLAMMATIONI-DAL-EAD POISONINGS-IDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA |
MICROCYTIC ANEMIA- |
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disruption of cholesterol to phospholipid ratioExamples: aplastic Anemia, Chronic Liver disease, alcoholism |
Non megaloblastic Anemia- |
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caused by collisions that impared the synthesis of your DNA, that is why there is such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency,nuclear maturation lag behind cytoplasmic. Another characteristics: nagkakaroon ng oval macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils that extend up to 6 lobes ( normal is 3-5 lobes) Examples : Vit B12 Def., (is also known as cobalamin - their main difference is that B12 have CNS problem and folate don’t have) folate def ( Vitamin B9), MDS (Myelodysplasia ) erythroleukemia( combination of RBC’S AND WBC’S) |
Megaloblastic anemia- |
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- there are dimorphic anemia such as Anemia of Chronic Inflammation exist as microcytic and normocytic as well- also , aplastic anemia either exist as macrocytic or normocytic |
NORMOCYTIC ANEMIA |
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ALL ( ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ) - Also known as childhood ALL-we can see small and homogenous cell-it is the most common - best prognosis |
L1 |
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ALL- Adult ALL - large and heterogenous
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L2 |
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ALL- Burkitt’s type - large and homogenous |
L3 |
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ANLL ( ACUTE NON- LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ) -also known as Myeloblastic leukemia - Acute Undifferentiate Leukemia |
M0 |
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- Acute myeloblastic Leukemia w/o maturation |
M1 |
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- Acute myeloblastic Leukemia with maturation |
M2 |
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- Acute Promyelocytic leukemia -wherein 50 % promyelocytes can be seen -associated with DIC -it has faggot cells ( mass of Auer rods ) |
M3 |
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- Acute myelomonocytic Leukemia (also known as Naegeli’s ) |
M4 |
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- Acute Monocytic Leukemia |
M5 |
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- Acute Monoblastic Leukemia without differentiation (Also known as schilling’s ) |
M5a |
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- Acute Monocytic Leukemia with differentiation |
M5b |
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- Erythroleukemia also known as erythremic myelosis( / Di Guglielmo syndrome) |
M6 |
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- Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia |
M7 |
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- also own as PMN or polymorphonuclear CellsGRANULES: pink to rose- violet specifi granules with NEUTRAL AFFINITY for stainsAnong mga granules ang meron or present?MPO (myeloperoxidase )Lysozyme or muramidaseLactoferrinMAJOR FUNCTION: Phagocytosis and killing of foreign material or infectious agents specifically bacteria (RESPOND TO BACTERIAL INFECTION) |
Neutrophils |
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- other names are acidophilesGRANULES: reddish- orange specific granules with HIGH AFFINITY to EOSIN: acidic part of the stain concentration is normally high at night MAJOR FUNCTION : - defense against helminthic parasites -Have role in allergic reactions (lessen hypesensitivity reaction) - Have specific granules which is MBP ( major Basic protein) |
Eosinophils |
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-GRANULES: water-soluble blue- black specific granules with AFFINITY for METHYLENE BLUE ( which is the basic part of the dye ) Histamine- most important secondary granules because it midiates hypersensitivity reactionMAJOR FUNCTION:it responds to allergic or hypersensitivity reactions- |
Basophil |
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- atypical lymphocytes are hard to identify- the case of infectious monocleosis ( also associated with Epstein-barr virus) , nagkakaroon ng affliation ng atypical lymphocytes3 TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTEST Lymphocytes/ T CELLS -60-80% of lymphpcytes population ;long lived ( 4-10 yrs)-Involved in cellular -mediated immunityB Lymphocytes / B Cells-10-20% ; short - lived (3-4 days)- involved in the humoral-midiated imminutyNull Lymphocytes / NK cells (natural killer cells) / 3rd Population lymphocytes / LGL (LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES)- 10%- function in Tumor host defense- MONOCYTES- end cell is macrophage- it migrate into tissues where it is transformed into machrophages-kapag nasa iabng tissue na siya, nag iiba na pangalan |
LYMPHOCYTES |
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-aid in the healing process, having a main goal of having hemostatic clog, responsible for the bleeding episodes , seal the cutsThere are stages of hemostasisPRIMARY HEMOSTASIS- this is the formation of the primary hemostatic plug/ platelet clog COMPONENTS: vascular system and platelets SECONDARY HEMOSTASIS COMPONENTS: coagulation factors |
THROMBOCYTES (PLATELETS) |
