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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Demography
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The study of populations
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Define Culture
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The beliefs and actions that define a group of peoples way of life
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What is population density?
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One relatively small share of the earths surface- areas where the soil is fertile enough, water is plentiful enough and the climate is mild enough to grow crops
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How have people adapted to their environment?
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It depends on the environment, for example if the weather is cold than they will wear heavy clothing, it allows people to survive in areas that might appear hostile to human life.
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What is the most accurate way to calculate population density?
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Divide the total population of region by the region land area
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List two factors that have contributed in population growth
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Modern technology and food production
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List three possible effects of population growth that will bring new problems
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Some demographers predict increases in famine, disease, and natural resource depletion
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List two possible effects of population growth that will benefit future generations
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Level of technology, and creativity will also increase
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When is a country said to have reached zero population growth?
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When the combined birthrate and immigration rate equals the combined death rate and emigration rate
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Where does the majority of the population in Europe and North American live?
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Cities
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What is the growth ratio between urban areas and rural areas in many countries throughout the world?
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Urbanization
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What is Material Culture?
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Things that people make such as food, clothing, architecture, art, crafts and technology
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What is Non-Material Culture?
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The religion, language, spiritual beliefs, and patterns of behavior
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What is the cornerstone of culture? Why? & what does it reflect about the culture?
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Cornerstone of culture is language, without language people would not be able to communicate, language reflects a cultures identity
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List the three main causes of fighting between countries
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religious differences, lack of political power & economic opportunity
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What is Culture hearth?
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A place where important ideas begin and from which they spread to surrounding cultures
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What part does religion play in development of a culture?
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religion helps people answer basic questions about the meaning and purpose of life, it supports values that a group of people consider important
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In all cultures, what is the most important unit of social organization?
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Family
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List the three main causes of fighting between countries
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religious differences, lack of political power & economic opportunity
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In order of status, how are people ranked into social classes?
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It may be based on money, occupation, education, ancestry, or any other factor culture values highly
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Which groups are most often restricted from improving their social class?
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Social mobility is usually restricted
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What is cultural convergence
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the skills, arts, ideas, habits and institutions of one culture come in contact with those of another culture
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What is culture diffusion?
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the process by which a cultural element is transmitted across some distance from one group or individual to another
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What is cultural divergence?
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the restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences
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What are the main ideas reflected by governments?
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governments usually reflect beliefs about authority, independence, and human rights
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What are the main ideas reflected by economic systems?
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the use of resources and distribution of wealth
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What are the four characteristics that define a country?
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1. clearly defined territory
2. population 3. sovereignty 4. a goverment |
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Define territory
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the land, water, and natural resources within its boundaries
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How does a county define its borders?
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Natural divisions
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How do populations in countries worldwide differ?
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the size and makeup of their populations
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Define sovereignty?
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a nations freedom from outside control
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Define government
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the institution which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides for its common needs
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What are common needs provided by the government?
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Keeping order within society, protecting society from outside threats, and providing some services to its people
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What is a unitary system?
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When one central runs a nation
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What is federation?
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when some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments
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What is confederation?
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smallerpolitical units keep their sovereignty and give central government only very limited powers, typical in such fields as defense and foreign commerce
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What is an authoritarian government?
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when the leaders held all, or nearly all, political power
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What is dictatorship?
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when the power is concentrated in a small group or even a single person
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What is totalitarianism?
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the most extreme form of dictatorship. the government tries to control every part of society-politics, the economy, and peoples personal lives
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What is a monarchy?
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most common kind of government
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what is a democracy?
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any country in which the people choose their leaders and have the power to set government policy
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What are the three questions that should be answered by an economic system?
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what and how many good and services will be produced?
how will these products be produced? how will the products and wealth gained from their sale be distributed? |
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What is traditional economy?
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knows as the subsistence economies, little surplus is produces, there is relatively little need for markets where people can buy excess goods
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What is a market economy?
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an ecosystem that gives great freedom to individuals and groups, or free enterprise system
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what is a command economy?
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when an economic system is controlled by a single, central government
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name one example of a system that uses mixed economy
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Socialism
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