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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Jupiter
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Chief Roman God
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Mars
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Roman God of War
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Neptune
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Roman God of Sea
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Venus
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Roman Goddess of Love
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Etruscans
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Captured Rome in 750 BC; Romans drove out Etruscans in 500 BC and established independent republic (after learning construction, weapons metallurgy, and military tactics)
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Patricians
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Wealthy landowning nobles in early Roman Republic
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Consuls
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Heads of state in Roman government
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Senate
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Hereditary body in Roman law which passed laws, approved appointments, and controlled foreign affairs
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Plebeians
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The Roman people - mostly farms and city workers
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Tribunes
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Elected with veto power over actions of consuls and Senate
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Twelve Tables
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Codification of Roman law preventing judges from twisting unwritten laws to favor own class
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Rome unites Italy
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340 - 270 BC; Conquers Latins, Samnites, Etruscans, Gauls, Greek colonies in southern Italy
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Carthage
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Early Rome's chief rival in N. Africa
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Punic Wars
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Three wars where Rome defeated Carthage
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First Punic War
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264 - 261 BC; Fought in Sicily and M. Sea
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Second Punic War
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218 - 201 BC; Battle of Zama; Hannibal
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Hannibal
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Carhage's greatest general
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Battle of Cannae
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Early victories for Hannibal and Carthage
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Battle of Zama
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Rome at last defeats Hannibal and Carthage's push for conquest; Carthage reduced to second rate power
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Third Punic War
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149 - 146 BC; Rome finally attacks and destroys Carthage and annexes territory
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Roman Republic becomes Roman Empire
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27 BC
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Gracchi Brothers
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133 - 121 BC; Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus; Tribunes favoring peoples' rights, both were killed in riots
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First Roman Civil War
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88 BC; Marius vs. Sulla; Popular leader (Marius) and senatorial leader (Sulla) fight for control of Rome; Sulla prevails and restores senatorial power
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Second Roman Civil War
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49 BC; Senate orders Caesar to disband army; He refuses and invades senatorial Italy; Defeats Pompey's senatorial army and becomes dictator of Rome
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First Triumvirate
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60 BC; Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus (a wealthy noble); Political alliance that allowed three men to dominate Rome
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Commentaries on the Gallic War
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Book written by Julius Caesar proclaiming victories in Gaul
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Ceasar is Assassinated
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44 BC
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Third Roman Civil War
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Octavian vs. Antony; Final conflict of the time of the triumvirate
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Chief conspirators of Caesars assassination
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Brutus and Cassius
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Battle of Actium
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31 BC; Octavian defeats Antony at naval battle which ends civil wars; Octavian becomes absolute ruler of Roman Empire
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Roman Empire
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27 BC - 476 AD
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Augustus
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First Roman Emperor; Pax Romana
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Claudius
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41 - 54 AD; Roman emperor who promotes public works and extends Roman authority to S. Britain
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Vespasian
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69 - 79 AD; Roman emperor suppresses Hebrew revolt, destroys Jerusalem and expelled Jews from Palestine
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Trajan
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98 - 117 AD; Roman emperor expands Empire to greatest territorial extent
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Hadrian
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117 - 138 AD; Roman emperor repels barbarian tribes; Builds defense walls in N. Britain and central Europe
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Marcus Aurelius
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161 - 180 AD; High minded ruler; Stoic philosopher who wrote Meditations; Death marks end of Pax Romana
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Diocletian
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284 - 305 AD; Roman emperor resumes competence after internal strife; Divides empire into east and west; Establishes system of succession to throne
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Constantine
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312 - 337 AD; Reunited empire and moved capital to Constantinople
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Edict of Milan
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313 AD; Constantine ends persecution of Christians
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Huns
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Invaders from central Asia terrorize Roman empire
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Attila
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Leader of the Huns
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Battle of Chalons
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451 AD; Combined Roman-Germanic force turns Attila back
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Visigoths
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Germanic tribes that established kingdom in Spain
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Ostrogoths
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Germanic tribe that established kingdom in Italy
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Vandals
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Germanic tribe that established kingdom in North Africa
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Franks
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Germanic tribes that established Kingdom in france
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Angles and Saxons
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Germanic tribes that establish kingdom in Britain
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Pax Romana
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27 BC - 180 AD; Period of social cohesion on international scale
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Justinian
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527 - 565 AD; Roman emperor at Constantinople codified roman Law: "Justinian Code"
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St. Paul
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1st Century AD; Emphasized conversion of gentiles to universalize Christianity
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St. Peter
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1st Century AD; First Bishop of Rome; Shaped Church's internal structure using Roman empire as model
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St. Jerome
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340 - 420; Translated Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin - Vulgate edition
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St. Augustine
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354 - 430; Wrote "Confessions" detailing conversion to Christianity; Wrote City of God, describing how Christianity could lead to world of peace and perfection
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Theodosius
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392; Roman Emperor proclaims Christianity official state religion
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