Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Voltaire
|
Wrote "Candide"
Spread philosophers' ideas in Europe |
|
Hobbes
|
Wrote "Levanthan"
People are born evil Social contract: gov't's job is to protect us |
|
Locke
|
"Treatises on Government"
Born "tabula rosa" Born with natural rights Social contract: is gov't fails in protecting us, we can begin our own gov't |
|
Rousseau
|
"Social Contract"
Born basically good Gov't's job is to provide happiness |
|
Montesquieu
|
"Spirit of Laws"
A gov't that is too centralized is corrupt; should be divided into LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, and JUDICIAL branches |
|
Immanuel Kant
|
"Critique of /Practical Reason/Pure Reason/Judgment"
Most influential philosopher of enlightenment |
|
J.S. Bach
|
Set classical standard
|
|
Beethoven
|
Longer, fewer symphonies
|
|
Louis XVI
|
Attempt to flee seen as turning point and begin of radical stage of revo.
Slow to accept reforms of N.A. |
|
Marie Antoinette
|
Tried to flee with Louis XVI
Hated for extravagance |
|
Robespierre
|
Led gov't in battling counterrevolution
Embraced Rousseau's idea of good will Tolerant Chief leader of Reign of Terror |
|
Marat
|
Helped launch Reign of Terror
Represented France at N.C. |
|
Napoleon
|
Bureaucratic Reforms
Reforms most of Europe Champion of Enlightenment Takes part in coup to overthrow F directore; delcared First Consul |
|
Admiral Nelson
|
Died at Battle of Trafalgar
Arguably nat'l hero of GB |
|
Alexander I
|
Represented Russia at Congress of Vienna
|
|
Castereagh
|
Represented England at Congress of Vienna
|
|
Metternich
|
Represented Austria at Congress of Vienna
Conservative system remained after his death Sought to supress revo. ideas Urged monarchs to opposed many freedoms |
|
Hardenburg
|
Represented Prussia at Congress of Vienna
|
|
Tallyrand
|
Represented France at Congress of Vienna
|
|
Basic 4 Beliefs of the Enlightenment
|
Religion (deism-"god is a clockmaker," , Cosmopolitan (Equality), Reason, Progress (Got to admit it's getting better, getting better all the time)
|
|
Estates General
|
Legislative assembly of different estates (classes/castes)
To prepare, Louis XVI had all 3 estates prepare cahiers of complaints Stressed over votine |
|
National Assembly
|
First step towards writing constitution: assemble issued Declaration of Rights...
Voted to take over and sell church lands to pay off debt Church under state control Limited monarchy Enlightenment supporterd applauded |
|
Sans Coullotes
|
Poorest members of third estate
Left-wing |
|
The Directory
|
5 men led
Middle class and bourgeoise dominated Weak but dictorial |
|
The Committee of Public Safety
|
Almost absolute power
Required all to contribute to preparation for war |
|
Napoleon Battles: Egypt
|
Strategically a failure
Rosetta Stone discovered |
|
Napoleon Battles: Battle of Trafalgar
|
First loss, to Admiral Nelson
|
|
Napoleon Battles: Battle of Austerlitz
|
Defeats Austria and Prussia
Makes France dominant power in Europe |
|
Napoleon Battles: Battle of Jena
|
Defeats Prussia
Ends Holy Roman Empire |
|
Napoleon Battles: Peninsula War
|
Invades Spain
Spanish fight guerlla war; France never fully conquers and eventually withdraws |
|
Napoleon Battles: Invading Russia
|
Overextends military; forced to abdicate
Sent to exile on island Elba (off Africa) |
|
Napoleon Battles: Escaping from Exile
|
Returns to France
Defeated at Waterloo (migraine) Sent to permanent exile on island of St. Helena |
|
Napoleon France Reforms
|
Highest taxes, stopped corruption, employment, schools, laws, bank of France, large draft
|
|
Napoleon Conquered Countries Reforms
|
Written constitution, freedom of religion, middle class employment, male property owners had right to vote, improved infrastructure, abolished feudalism, reformed bureaucracies and judicial systems
|
|
Congress of Vienna Outcomes
|
Restoration of monarchies, France lost only a little territory, created balance of power in Europe
|
|
Revolution of 1848
|
Discontent was hightened by recession; rebellions blocked Paris; Louis Napoleon created second republic; 'here and there' changes
|
|
Sonata Style
|
Primary melody, Transition, Secondary melody, Klosing
|
|
Concerto
|
Sole instrument
|
|
Symphony
|
*Beethoven*
Extended orchestrael composition commonly with four movements |