World History Period 1

Canal which economically and socially united China

High-yielding, drought resistant crop which increased population

A system where power is given based on merit; used in China

Unified by Wendi(Yang Jain); Confucianism declined while Buddhism and Daoism rose

Li Yang expanded borders greatly;

Confuciunism restored

Culture and Arts expanded

China underwent Proto-Industrialization ,Steel Industry, Artisans developed porcelain

Compassed and changes to shipbuilding helped maritime navigation

Imperial Meritocracy

Paying Labourers to work on projects

Creation of tribute system

Foreigners must meet emperor with kowtow

Urbanization of China

Social Gentrey: A new social class educated in Confuciunism and part of bureaucracy

Women’s rights detoriated and foot binding happened

Theravada: Centered in SE Asia, focused on personal growth throuuh discipline and meditation

Mahayana: Centered in China and Korea, focused on personal growth on service

Tibetan: Centered in Tibet, Focused on chanting

Buddhist Principle which stresses the idea that suffering can be reduced by eliminating cravings or desires

The Buddhist principles which can lead to enlightment or nirvana

Also known as Chan Buddhism, fused with Daoism to appeal to Chinese

Duty of family members to respect their elders and rulers

Fused with Buddhism and Daoism, emphasized ethics and became popular in the countries surrounding China

Confucianism and Buddhism was adopted along with Shintoism

During the Heian Period, Chinese traditions in politics, arts and literature were adopted

Japan’s decentralized society:

While the majority of people worked as rice farmers, aristocrats known as Daimyos battled for land using Samurai’s

Compared to Europe, nobles(Daimyos) had much more power than monarchs(Shoguns/Emperors)

Very rigid social structure; the Bushido code stressed frugality, loyalty and honor

The Heian Emperor was replaced by Minamoto Shogun in 1192, leading to decentralization

Koreans adopted Confucianism(educated)and Buddhism(masses)

Language remained different, but Koreans awkwardly adopted Chinese writing system till 1400s

However, there was no bureaucracy

Vietnam preferred Nuclear families instead of extended ones

Vietnam adapted Chinese writing systems and architectural styles

Vietnamese women rejected polygamy and footbinding

Vietnam did have a meritocratic bureaucracy

However the vietmanese scholars sided with the peasants, not aristocrats

Vietnam pushed out Tang dynasty, and was in constant war with them

Renowed Islamic center of learning

Ruled in Middle East for only a short time but ruled in Spain for longer time(Cordoba was capital)

Advance stopped by defeat to Frankish armies at Battle of Tours

Tolerated religion and allowed trade

al-Andalus was center of learning

Turks from Central Asia who were first slaves for Arabs, and eventually seized control from Abbasids in Egypt

Prospered through cotton and sugar trade

Muslim Turks who conquered parts of Middle East and West Asia and challenged power of Abbasids

Seljuk leader was called Sultan, which reduced power of Caliph

Conquered by Mongols

First major Islamic Caliphate, golden age of Islam

Traded in Sahara and Indian Ocean

Became center of learning and was religously tolerant

Conquered by Mongols

Capital of Abbasids and important trade link

Lost power after trade went North

Islamic scholar from Baghdad who improved astronomy, trigonometry and medicine

Islamic scholar who was known for his historical contributions

Sufi female writer who’s poem honored Mohhamed and showed Sufis

Islamic missionaries who emphasized introspection

Sufi missionaries often incorporated local cultures

Higher status than Christan or Jewish women

Allowed to hold property and divorce and protected in court

Southern Indian Kingdom

Extended to Sri Lanka
Older dynasty from 800-1200

Founded by two brothers in South India who came from the Delhi Sultanate

Hindu Kingdom
Eventually overthrown by Muslims

The decentralized Hindu kingdoms in North India led by clans

An Islamic Empire in North India which brought Islam to South Asia
Unable to efficiently impose policies
Resisted Mongols but later conquered by Mughals

To actively seek converts

Many Buddhists converted, and some Hindus did too
Caste System unchanged

Islamic Mosque built on top of Hindu temple incorporating both religions

Combination of Hindi and Arabic

Hindu movement to focus on a single deity and did not discriminate people

Hindu kingdom in SE Asia which was based in Sumatra and used its chokepoint as an economic advantage

Buddhist Kingdom based on Java which controlled sea routes

Buddhist kingdom in Sri Lanka which was very buddhist

Based in Cambodia, agricultural kingdom which had Buddhist and Hindu influences

Temple in Angkor Thom which has Buddhist and Hindu art

Kingdom based in Thailand which invaded Angkor Thom

First large-scale civilization in the Americas, lived in large earthen mounds, such as Cahokia

Social standing is determined by women's side of the family

Matrilineal society and rigid class system; each town had a chief named Great Sun

One theory is flooding and natural disasters abolished them, another is disease from the Europeans

Decentralized Mesoamerican civilization in South Mexico and Central America
Main form of government were city-states, where kings rules surrounding land

City states were often at war with each other

Human sacrifices were often used
Mayans has conquered territories pay tributes
King's were said to have descended from gods

Mexicas people who established a large empire in Mexico
Declined due to lack of innovation and resentment

Capital of Aztecs(Now Mexico City)

Built in a swamp of lakes with floating islands chinampas

Pyramids built in center

Aztecs employed tribute system, but allowed local rulers to rule

Theocracy was employed, and Emperor was also known as holy "Great Speaker"
Lots of slavery

Special merchant class for luxury goods

100s of deities and lots of human sacrifice

Women weaved cloth and had some opportunity

Split into four provinces each with there own bureaucracy and governer
Constructed roadway called Carpa Nan

Mandatory public service system Incas employed, rather than tribute system

Honored the sun and mummified rulers

Dead owners retained land

Some animism
Sophisticated agricultural society

Kingdoms founded by Hausa people in Nigeria, city-states each with a speciality

West African state with centralized government with capital in Koumbi Saleh that traded gold and ivory with Muslims

West African empire founded by Muslim Sundiata and later ruled by Mansa Musa

Traded with gold

East African empire that traded gold and traded in Indian Ocean along costal cities

Spoke Islamic-influenced Swahili

Capital, called Great Zimbabwe, damaged by overgrazing

1.Kingdom of Axum which traded and was Islamic

2.Later became lone Christan African state

Revolt led by slaved in East Africa

Generally family and men based

Storytellers called Griots and Griottes were important

Common in Americas, slaves were owner's property and entire bloodline was enslaved

Common in Europe and Middle East: Slave were domestic help and had some rights, though often the bloodline was enslaved

Common in Africa and Colonies: Slaves were in debt, and debt often carried over to children

Some rights

System where crops were rotated through fields, one for food, one for legumes, and one unused

King Phillip II developed bueracracy, Estates-General was advising body

Dated back to Otto I crowning as emperor. German continuation of Roman Empire

Dispute on whether a non-religious leader could give religious leaders power. Eventually it was allowed

Normans, led by William the Conquerer, invaded Anglo-Saxon Britain, creating modern England people
After Magna Carta, English Parliament established

1.Hundred year's war between France and England

2.Normans conquered Sicily from Muslims

3.The Muslims were attempted to be kicked out of spain, known as reconquista

Most intellectuals worked for church

Church dominated arts

Church had lots of political power

Lots of corruption

Law in Europe where land was given to oldest son

Only clear victory for Europeans, though Jerusalem was taken back later

Europeans saw Middle East's higher standard of living and luxury goods increasing demand

Venice was paid to transport crusaders, though they weren't fully paid so instead Venice told crusaders to sack Zara and Constantipole

Crusaders never could reach Holy Land