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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an: abrasian avulsion contusion shear |
abrasion - scrape avulsion - tissue loss/tear contusion- bruise shear- degloving with an abrasion |
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what are the advantages of wound healing by primary intention? |
rapid healing (7-10 days) minimal scar tissue formation reduced incidence of bacterial infection |
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what are the disadvantages of primary intention wound healing? |
foreign material or bacteria may be closed within the wound |
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what are the wound edges like in primary intention? |
close together sutured, glued, adhesive strips |
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What is a wound of secondary intention like? |
evidence of tissue loss wound edges will not come together contamination chronic wound |
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What are the disadvantages of secondary intention wound healing? |
longer healing time increased risk of contamination increased presence of scar tissue reduced functionality |
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What are the 2 physiological processes of wound healing? |
regeneration - replace lost cells by mitosis, tissue returns to normal repair - damaged tissue replaced with collagen |
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What are the 2 stages of the inflammatory phase? |
Early phase - clot formed by platelets -release of inflammatory mediators Late phase -movement of macrophages -release of growth factors |
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What does the proliferation phase involve? |
repair starts 2-3 days post injury fibroblasts migrate into wound release of further grown factors angiogenesis granulation tissue formed |
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What happens in the remodelling phase? |
collagen fibres align themselves contraction of scar tissue in secondary intention |
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What factors affect healing? |
Infection Poor hygiene Local blood supply Oedema Malnutrition |
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How should you deal with a contaminated wound? |
window of 6 hours to clean wear sterile gloves, hat, mask, gown cover wound with gel or saline swab clip hair flush wound with sterile saline, tap water, povidine-iodine take a bacterial swab for culture apply sterile dressing and bandage |
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What do adherent dressings do? |
achieve debridement -wet to dry -dry to dry should be changed every 24 hours analgesia for changes |
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What do non-adherent dressings do? |
provide moist environment doesnt damage newly forming tissue |
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when should low-adherent dressings be used? |
once granulation tissue formed as may stick to wound |
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What do semi occlusive dressings do? |
remove exudate whilst keeping surface moist eg allevyn |
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what do antimicrobial dressings do? |
kill bacteria, remove exudate |
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what do hydrocolloids do? |
contain a matrix which is initially hydrophobic and then hydrophilic provides a moist environment with gentle debridement properties |
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what do hydrogels do? |
rehydration of wounds absorb fluid |
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Why can wounds not heal? |
insufficient skin repeated trauma metabolic disease - cushings, dm, hypothyroid |
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What does wound dehiscence mean? |
breakdown of surgically closed wound immediately after closure |
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What is a skin graft? |
a piece of skin that has been totally removed from the body and placed on a wound |
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When are skin grafts good or bad? |
traumatic incidents, oncology, burns bad- over bone, tendon, ligaments infection |
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What are the 3 types of skin graft? |
partial thickness- skin full thickness - includes subcut fat free flap - tissue transported from one area of the body to another |
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What are the phases of healing skin grafts? |
imbibation - small blood vessels on underside of skin soak up serum inoscultation - small blood vessels meet up and connect with cut vessels of the skin graft - 48 hours after surgery revascularisation - small capillary blood vessels bud into the capillary vessels of the graft providing a blood supply. 4-7 days post op |
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How would you post op care for a skin graft? |
reduce movement dressing- non adherent contact layer, thick support bandage dressing change 48 hours post op daily dressing changes aseptic lots of discharge |
