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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
peritoneum has what two layers:
1. 2. and when and organ lies behind the peritoneum, it is said to be ... |
visceral
parietal retroperitoneal |
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parietal peritoneum lies against what:
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body wall
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kidneys do not have a mesentary so they are ...
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retroperitoneal
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the kidneys are located in the ... wall around ... (vertebrae) and the right kidney is slightly (inferior/superior) to the left; why?
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posterior abdominal
T12-L3 inferior because of the liver |
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what are the 3 tissue layers surrounding the kidney:
1. 2. 3. |
1. Perirenal (perinephric) fat: on kidney
2. Renal fascia: external to fat 3. Pararenal (paranephric) fat: external to renal fascia |
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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identify the labeled structure:
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(see figure)
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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Renal hilum is ... leading into kidney and past the hilum is the ...
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cleft; “doorway”
renal sinus |
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... is the area at the center of the kidney where urine collects and is funneled into the ureter
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renal pelvis
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what is inside the renal sinus:
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fat and vessels
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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Structures entering or leaving renal hilum/sinus are:
1. 2. 3. |
1. renal vein
2. renal artery 3. renal pelvis |
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where are the following structures located in the renal hilum:
1. renal vein 2. renal artery 3. renal pelvis |
1. renal vein - most anterior
2. renal artery - in middle 3. renal pelvis - most posterior |
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what is contained inside the renal pelvis:
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urine
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what is the pathway of the urine:
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minor calyces (many) --> major calyces (3-4) --> pelvis --> ureter --> urinary bladder
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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IVC is always to the ... and veins are ... (position)
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right
anterior |
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how many segmental branches are coming in to supply the kidneys:
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5
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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what is the vertebral levels for the renal arteries:
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L1/L2
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which renal artery is longer, right or left and why:
which renal vein is longer, right or left and why: |
right
the aorta sits to the left left ivc sits to the right |
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right renal artery is (anterior/posterior) to IVC
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posterior
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on the left side only, the ... vein comes up to the left renal vein
(impt point) |
gonadal
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where are the renal pyramids located:
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in the medulla
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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the outer layer of the kidney is the:
the inner layer is the: |
cortex
medulla |
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the medulla consists of ... and ...
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pyramids
renal columns |
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where do the renal columns lie:
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in between the pyramids
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where are the papilla located:
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apex of the pyramid
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what covers the papilla of the pyramid:
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minor calyx
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what is the functional unit of the kidney:
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nephron
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what is this structure
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nephron - the functional unit of the kidney
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where is the typical place to transplant a kidney:
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pelvis
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the ureter is ... long and is retroperitoneal and uses what type of muscle contraction to move the urine along
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10 to 12 inches
peristalis |
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what are the 3 common places for a kidney stone:
1. 2. 3. |
1. renal pelvis-ureter junction
2. pelvic brim (crosses over bone) 3. wall of urinary bladder |
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the bladder is (anterior/posterior) to pelvic organs and (anterior/posterior) to pubic symphysis and (is/is not) retroperitoneal
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anterior
posterior is |
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what is the muscle in the bladder wall called:
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Detrusor muscle
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... contraction acts as an active sphincter on the ureter while ... acts as a passive valve and both stops urine from going ...
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detrusor
pressure of urine back up ureter |
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there is one triangular shaped area in the inside of the bladder that is smooth and is called the ... it is marked by:
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trigone
2 ureters and the urethra |
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there are 2 urethral sphincters
1. 2. |
1. External urethral sphincter 2. Internal urethral sphincter
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1. External urethral sphincter (involuntary/voluntary)
2. Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary/voluntary) |
1. voluntary
2. involuntary |
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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what is the sympathetic innervation of the bladder:
parasympathetic: sensory (carried by parasympathetics): motor: somatic innervation: |
T11-L2
S2-S4 bladder distension detrusor muscle skeletal muscle of the sphincter urethrae |
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where do the sympathetics go in the bladder:
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sphincter vesicae
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what is another name for:
1. Internal urethral sphincter 2. External urethral sphincter |
sphincter vesicae
sphincter urethrae |
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adrenal glands are also called ... and press right up against the ... and are enclosed by ... and ...
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suprarenal glands
diaphragm renal fascia perinephric fat |
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for the adrenal glands there is a hilum for ... and ... but ... and ... enter at multiple sites
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veins
lymphatics arteries nerves |
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the adrenal cortex is derived from ... and produces 3 classes of steroid hormones:
1. 2. 3. |
mesoderm
1. glucocorticoids 2. mineralcorticoids 3. androgens |
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the adrenal medulla is derived from ... and is part of the ... system but functions as ...
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neural crest cells
nervous endocrine gland |
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chromaffin cells are located where:
they are similar to ... and secrete |
medulla adrenal
postsynaptic, sympathetic neurons epinephrine & norephinephrine |
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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there are 3 different arteries coming to the adrenal gland, where do they go and from do they come:
1. 2. 3. |
1. Superior: from inferior phrenic a.
2. Middle: from aorta 3. Inferior: from renal a. |
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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what hormone and gland control the adrenal cortex:
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ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
pituitary gland |
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what controls the adrenal medulla:
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presynaptic fibers from greater
splanchnic nerve |
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what is the neural pathway to the adrenal medulla:
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presynaptic fibers from greater splanchnic nerve pass through celiac ganglia & synapse directly on cells of
adrenal medulla |