Antigen

the microscopic structures indicated by a leader line, number, or bracket. Identify the specific blood type and post your responses to the following abbreviated questions/statements in the threaded Discussion Area below. B blood type; what types of antigens are found? Clumping in Anti-A or…

marker are was the product of cancer. Thus, tumour marker can help to use as assessment for cancer case. Generally, the outcome of tumour marker test is unreliable as the non-cancerous condition may affect the positive results. Prostate Specific Antigen can be used to evaluate prostate cancer. Tumour marker may help to identify and recognise certain specific cancer. The test should be done in a combination of another test, an example is biopsy test. In addition, an increased value of tumour…

serum. A precipitate with diluted antigens means that the two organisms have a strong genetic relationship. A precipitate with less diluted antigens means that the two organisms have a weak genetic relationship. Overall, the greater the reaction in the test tube, the stronger the genetic relationship. Slide 17: Here is an example of a serological test with humans and chimpanzees. The human blood serum is injected into the chimpanzee. The serum acts as the antigen which causes the chimpanzee to…

Chosen topic: Vaccination Question: Should the HPV vaccine be compulsory for girls ages 11-20. What is HPV? The human papillomavirus or HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world and the leading cause of cervical cancer. The virus is spread via skin to skin contact and so is developed by 4 out of 5 people in NZ . There are over 100 types of HPV of which they are split into high risk and low risk. High risk types are those that are associated with the development of…

can be found to form trimers. Only in rare incidences, the structure of IgA forms big polymers. IgA enables the neutralisation so the activities of some viruses inside and also outside the epithelium cells. It also prevents the attachment of the antigens to the gut walls. The final sub-class of Ig is the E immunoglobulin (IgE). The IgE has been experiments by numerous functional methods. It is mostly induced by the virus. The IgE monomer has sedimentation. Its heavy chains consist of four…

13. What is the process resulting in antigen and antibody moving toward each other? One dimensional diffusion Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay 14. In the “sandwich” analogy of the direct ELISA, what is the “bread”? Antibodies What is the filling? Antigens 15. Describe some advantages of using the ELISA technique to process a large number of samples. The advantage of Sandwich ELISA is that the sample does not have to be purified before analysis,…

It is no surprise that is is much better to prevent a disease than to treat it. Disease prevention, made possible in part by proper childhood vaccinations, is the key to public health. Infectious diseases that once were common in this country have been brought under control or eliminated completely. The list is long, including polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), rubella (German measles), mumps, tetanus, and influenza. Perhaps one of the most devastating diseases in history…

Laboratory Diagnosis Monitoring Parameters • Tourniquet Test Acts as an emergency diagnostic tool whereby formation of more than 20 petechiae per square inch indicates a positive tourniquet test. A circle of 2.5 cm in diameter may be drawn and the number of petechiae in it is counted. More than five petechiae indicates positive test. • Complete Blood Cell Count Blood tests present with lowered total white blood cell, platelet and neutrophil counts and a 20% or more increase in haematocrit…

the production of antibodies (humoral) against antigens, presented by pathogens. This can be categorised as either natural or acquired. The mode of natural methods was by direct contact with the pathogen and enduring the infection, leading to the antibody production by the immune system. This mode of immunity usually takes few days or weeks for initial response however lasts a lifelong. Along with antibody production, a memory of a portion of the antigen was also stored as memory B-cells both in…

exposure to the foreign microbe’s antigen before it can be activated.2 The adaptive immune system consists of antigen-specific immune responses.2 This system is slow in response because after it is exposed to an antigen, it needs time to process the antigen and then recruit the proper cells to elicit an immune response.2 Thus the adaptive immune system requires more time.2 The adaptive immune system does have a memory because subsequent exposure to the same antigen will trigger a much faster…