Chemistry

industrial processes such as in food, baking brewing, detergent, textile and paper industries. With new frontiers in biotechnology, the spectrum of amylase application has expanded into many other fields such as clinical, medical and analytical chemistry. (Saranraj and Stella, 2013) As the temperature increases, so does the rate of reaction. A very high temperatures will denature enzymes. The enzyme activity gradually increases with temperature…

Abstract In this study equilibrium isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of ciprofloxacin on seven sediments in a batch sorption process were examined. The effects of contact time, initial ciprofloxacin concentration, temperature and ionic strength on the sorption process were studied. The Kd parameter from Linear sorption model was determined by linear regression analysis, while the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) sorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms by…

This investigation’s aim was to observe the organic displacement clock reaction and see how different properties - such as concentration and temperature - affect the reaction rate. This was to enhance understanding and gain knowledge of how certain properties affect reaction mechanisms and activation energies, and how acid-base equilibria behaves. The data generally supported the hypothesis. It can be clearly seen that higher molarities of t-BuCl gave faster reaction rates, and it is an even…

FePO4 stands for Iron(III) Phosphate. Although α-FePO4 and β-FePO4 may sound quite similar as they may only differ in terms of the α and β, they β are actually very different in terms of the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of quartz. Based on the research article which was provided in coursera, it states that FePO4 is studied across a range of temperatures ; 294K to 1073K by neutron powder diffraction. The different range in temperature shows different structures. For instance, at…

Maci Mullins CHEM2130-001 12/8/2017 A Wittig Reaction of trans-Cinnamaldehyde Statement of Question: What is the stereochemistry in the Wittig product, and why is it formed? Hypothesis: There were two possible stereochemical outcomes for this experiment, either cis, (E,Z), or trans, (E,E). The cis product, (E,Z), would form if the double bond and phenyl group added to the same side. The trans product, E,E), would form if the double bond and phenyl group were to add to the opposite sides.…

Microwave (MW) assisted Esterification of Benzoic Acid (BA) offers the advantage of transformation of energy and heating throughout the volume efficiently in a shorter period and eliminates the use of excess solvent, during the course of reaction. The present study aims to assess the conversion and selectivity for the production of methyl benzoate compounds by esterification of benzoic acid using microwave irradiation. Effects of operating parameters such as reaction time, feed composition,…

Cu(II),Ni(II), have been synthesized by Pallavi et al, 2014 , and then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.These compounds were potent and showed significant anti microbial activity.and also in the field of medicinal,organic and in organic chemistry Anti tubercular…

Introduction Section- The purpose of this experiment is to use reaction stoichiometry to determine the molar mass and the identity of an unknown, powdered metal, and to identify an unknown metal nitrate solution. To give a little background information on this experiment I will start by saying that a balanced chemical equation provides several important pieces of information about a chemical equation. Those important pieces include the substances consumed and formed, the physical states of the…

similar lattice symmetry and space groups between the two. Since we know that if we heat up SiO2, we will expect to observe an α-β transition, and from the above we have already proven that the two compounds are in fact similar in terms of crystal chemistry, we can also expect to observe a transition from α-FePO4, to…

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), universally referred to as lime water or slaked lime is formed by reacting hydrated lime (calcium oxide, CaO) with water (H2O)[1] CaO (s) + H2O (l) ⇌ Ca(OH)2 (aq) (ΔHr = −63.7 kJ/mol of CaO) Calcium hydroxide is an economically favorable alkaline reagent to neutralize acid as it yields 2 moles of (OH)2 for every 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 (which is slightly soluble in water) when compared to sodium hydroxide [1] and it may separate from the solution ‘constant agitation must…