Metaphrase

Lawrence Venuti who is a translation theorist describes the role of translator in comparative literature in his book “The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation” (1995). The two translation strategies are discussed in terms of “domestication” and “foreignization”. Domestication is to reduce the foreignness or the strangeness of the foreign text to be used in target language. When a foreign text is domesticated, the reader of target language easily understands it as if it is a part of their literatures, then they are not defamilarized from the text. As indicated by Venuti, domestication is an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values. On the other hand, foreignization is to demonstrate how the foreign text is different from the readers’ target language, thus reader do not easily understand this type of translations. They are alienated when they read it, since it has different linguistic or lexical characteristics. They cannot discover similarities between the foreign text and their texts or literatures. In the view of Venuti, domestication makes the translator invisible as a result of the text is domesticated, following that the readers do not realize whether it is a translation or not, they forget the role of translator. However, in foreignization, the translator is visible. It is because translator uses the cultural elements of the foreign text, they do not mind the adoption of the foreign text. When the reader is…

Poem is a piece of writing which express feelings, emotions and ideas using descriptive figurative languages. However, poems are not dependable as a secondary source and if it is written about 100 years later than when the event actually happened. Likewise, the poem cannot be trustworthy if it contains different facts from the primary source written by the person who experienced that moment and who was actually there. Furthermore, as poems use figurative languages that exaggerate things, it is…

The last reason students have for cheating is something that can be blamed on all of us. The reason? It is what they learned. Students learn from their peers, their parents and the world around them. Take the case of Jason Blair, a New York Times reporter caught plagiarizing. Not only did this this reporter steal around three dozen articles he also falsified testimonies and created false scenes. Another example many are familiar with is Watergate, this scandal showed students that even the…

Translation existence results from the expansion and diversification of languages making individuals in need to collaborate and interact with each other and communicate. This implies that it has been practiced for thousands of years since the need for translation emerges when two (or more) different languages come into contact with one another. Its significance shows up from the earliest of the human development and civilization since it was – and still is – an important factor in establishing…

There are many versions and translations of the bible, just as there are many types of people reading the bible there are many different versions to accommodate the variety of people reading . Although all of the versions and translations are accurate and there is an overall message for each verse that all the versions stick to, there are definitely a lot of differences among the versions. The above table shows the differences among just three versions of the same verse. The First translation,…

This role play was very helpful in establishing my own style because my client was unlike any other client I have had before. This client was very energetic and talkative. For example, when we started the session I started with the “hello, how are you?” and before I could even finish my sentence my client goes into her rambling, for a lack of better words, about how “it’s really good to see me again and [how she] has so much to talk about this week.” She then continues for about the next two…

tries to balance between the sacred and 'nihilistic rigor', the justifications he provides highlight the impossibility to translate. Furthermore, the process of a literary translation (translating the letter) and the one of a free translation/imitation (translating the meaning), both lead to the notion of faithfulness. The matter of whether to get closer to the original text and rendering the author's words, or to use it as a basis and write as if it were never written in another language,…