Dynamic and formal equivalence

Chapter one 1. Preliminaries 1.1 Introduction Translation is the act of rendering a written text from one language into another. It is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and subsequent production of an equivalent text, also called a translation, that communicates the same message in another language, which is why the outcome has to be close to the original meaning. If the goal of the translation is to understand the culture, it is more useful to comprehend the meaning. The translation must take into account constraints that include context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, and their idioms. A common misconception is that there exists an exact simple correspondence between any two languages and that translation is a straightforward mechanical process. Kenneth L. Pike introduced the emic vs. etic approach to language, which was later developed and used in several other sciences, translation being one of them. Since the emic talks about the…..The aim of translationto understandingand sharing meanings is at the heart of the task for both insider and outsider. In the end, both form and content of an insider’s perspective can be grasped by an outsider in illuminating ways that will provide understanding. This understanding may or may not be limited, just as the ability of the insider to communicate a said culture/society; he/she may or may not have limitations as well. Coming from each perspective as an insider…

Lawrence Venuti who is a translation theorist describes the role of translator in comparative literature in his book “The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation” (1995). The two translation strategies are discussed in terms of “domestication” and “foreignization”. Domestication is to reduce the foreignness or the strangeness of the foreign text to be used in target language. When a foreign text is domesticated, the reader of target language easily understands it as if it is a part…

There are many versions and translations of the bible, just as there are many types of people reading the bible there are many different versions to accommodate the variety of people reading . Although all of the versions and translations are accurate and there is an overall message for each verse that all the versions stick to, there are definitely a lot of differences among the versions. The above table shows the differences among just three versions of the same verse. The First translation,…

Translation existence results from the expansion and diversification of languages making individuals in need to collaborate and interact with each other and communicate. This implies that it has been practiced for thousands of years since the need for translation emerges when two (or more) different languages come into contact with one another. Its significance shows up from the earliest of the human development and civilization since it was – and still is – an important factor in establishing…

notion of ‘equivalence in different’. His three main ideas in linguistics play a very important role in the filed to this day. In Jakobson article “On linguistic aspect of translation, 1959:2” Jakobson considered that the meaning of any word is a linguistic trait and also a semiotic fact. He underlines the relevance of the fact that, when the verbal code is excluded, a meaning of the word cannot be found only on the basis of its linguistics knowledge so the meaning itself belongs to the…

are using Chinese, we sometimes have to drop an English word into a sentence because we don 't know the Chinese word yet.” -American missionary in Taiwan The linguistics features of code-switching are: (1) Phonology. Words undergo changes when code-switching. Sometimes the stress of a word affects the changes as well. (Gibbons, 1987, P. 44-56) (2) Syntax. The English words people code-switch is usually one or two words. In this case, it’s easy to code-switch without changing a lot of…

Harmony can be described as equivalence, the having a place of one thing with another. The Repetition of design components like color, texture, shape, and form is one of the simplest approaches to accomplish harmony to make a synthesis. Unity is the point at which the components in a space join to make an adjusted, agreeable finish entirety. The space feels right and everything cooperates. The outcome is a satisfying feeling, that everything is right with the space. Harmony and unity are two…

on the one hand, and people on the other. But little by little, doadi is replaced by didao in Chinese and in the latter claims of Zhang’s, he also adopts didao. In 1980, he published an article named “idiomatic source language and idiomatic target language”, in which he mentioned two principle of translation: “Avoid mechanical word-for-word translation; idiomatic source language must be reproduced by idiomatic target language”. The meaning of idiomaticness (didao) also possesses at least two…

nephew Joffrey. In this case, Tyrion shows absolute authority to Joffrey and his words is unchallengeable. Tyrion has mind for judging truth and error, when his nephew refuses to do the right thing, he knows violence must be met by violence. Even Tyrion is the brother of Joffrey’s mother, but he can not hit the son of the king by law since Joffrey was born with right. But this time he more than not only hit him, but also sit him three times. Thus the translation should give expression to the…