Periventricular leukomalacia

This hypoxia causes periventricular white matter damage, in most cases periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), which affects the white matter around the lateral ventricles; children with these impairments tend to have visual impairments as well as functional motor impairment of the upper limbs (Fazzi et al., 2004). In addition, viral and bacterial infections (including meningitis), head injury and trauma, and other brain malformations are all uncommon, but possible, causes of CVI (Good et al., 1994). Abnormal prenatal factors are the biggest risk factor in developing childhood CVI (van Genderen et al.,…

It is vital to differentiate dilated VR spaces from other cerebral pathologies such as ventricular diverticulae, cystic neoplasms, periventricular leukomalacia, parasitic cysts, cystic infarction, and mucopolysaccharidoses. Cystic neoplasms do not manifest pure CSF intensity. Parasitic cysts like neurocysticercosis usually have a small scolex with enhancing cyst walls. Patients with mucopolysaccharidoses have certain characteristic clinical features. Lacunar infarctions are characterized by…

Brain injuries in neonates cause marked chronic disability and can have a profound impact on the quality of life both in the patient and for their family. Causes of Neonatal brain injuries include stroke, hypoxia - ischaemia, foetal inflammation, reperfusion injuries, metabolic pathway insufficiency, and birth asphyxiation events. It is important to note that the type of injury seen in the neonate is largely dependent on age at the time of insult. In premature…

dragging, and muscle tone that is either too stiff or too floppy” (NINDS, 2016). There are two main pathophysiologies of cerebral palsy: intraventricular hemorrhage, or IVH, and periventricular leukomalacia, or PVL. IVH “describes bleeding from the subependymal matrix (the origin of fetal brain cells) into the ventricles of the brain. The blood vessels around the ventricles develop late in the third trimester, thus preterm infants have underdeveloped periventricular blood vessels, predisposing…

The student, Alyson is in the tenth grade and is very good at retaining auditory information. She has great recall for things spoken to her, or when she listens to textbooks/books. Her visual impairment was caused by being born prematurely; it is periventricular leukomalacia, (PVL) which along with causing her visual impairment also causes some developmental delays. She also has reduced peripheral vision so she can see better with her central vision. While her parents have never pursued…

the developing brain that control muscle tone and movement. This damage can occur early in pregnancy when the brain is just starting to form, during the birth process as the child passes through the birth canal, or after birth in the first few years of life. CP has been associated with several different events, such as birth trauma, lack of oxygen during birth (or asphyxia), inflammation of the brain and spinal cord (bacterial meningitis), head injury from motor vehicle accidents or child abuse,…

Magnetic resonance imaging and head computer tomography have been used to determine how cerebral palsy damages parts of the brain. One type of damage caused by cerebral palsy is periventricular leukomalacia which is damage to the white matter of the brain that results in the posterior body of the corpus callosum thinning, the lateral ventricles becoming larger, and the lateral ventricular walls becoming irregular (Straub & Obrzut 2009). A second type of damage is bleeding of the brain caused…

Background and Development History Max is a 5-Year-old boy who is actually in Kindergarten. Max has physical which doesn’t affect his learning and learning disabilities. When Max was born mom had difficulties during the pregnancy based on information provided by grandparents. Max live with his grandparents, he also have a baby brother who live with Max’s biological parents. The services provided to Max are occupational and physical therapies and a one to one health paraprofessional who give…