Proton

to the evolution of atomic models. In the beginning, Democritus viewed the atom as a tiny, solid, round sphere, that was unable to be cut. He created the first model of an atom, that essentially depicted it as a solid sphere, free of electrons, protons, or neutrons that looks similar to a billiard ball. Next came Dalton, he believed that every element has its own specific atom. He also shared the belief that atoms could not be spilt,…

Today we might know an atom being the smallest piece of an element that represent an element, but you might not know the whole story. It all being in 1803, when a curious guy, known as John Dalton, who proposed an “atomic theory” with spherical solid atoms based upon measurable properties of mass. Later on Dalton introduced his belief that atoms of different elements could be universally distinguished based on their varying atomic weights. John Dalton's research not only changed the face of…

Chapter 11, “The Chemical Elements”, was of great interest to me. “Chemistry is the study is the study of the composition and structure of matter (anything that has mass) and the chemical reactions by which substances are changed into other substances (James T. Shipman 285).” In this summary paper, I will discuss some of the highlights of the chapter. The way I see it, God is the original/first chemist. He took His own creations (the elements in our Periodic Table) to make provisions for…

This idea helped him develop the nuclear theory of the atom, which has three (3) basic parts:More work by Rutherford and others that wad completed later on demonstrated that the atom's nucleus contains both positively charged protons and…

because of that, its known structure has drastically changed over time. What we know as an atom today is composed of many subatomic particles. There is a positively charged center in an atom called the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons (Doc. 3). The number of protons determine what element the atom is, and the number of neutrons influences the atom’s mass. There are also negatively charged particles, called electrons, to counteract the positive charge of the nucleus. These electrons…

but the same proton number. The isotope that will be focused in the essay is carbon 14 isotope. Carbon is found in all living things and is the building block for organic material, there is carbon 12, 13 and 14 and they all have different properties. This isotope was discovered on February 27, 1940 by Martin Karmen and Sam Ruben and is the most radioactive out of all carbon isotopes. The relative abundance of it is >0.1% (trace amount) and its relative mass is 14.003241. It has 6 protons and…

Gilbert Lewis first introduced his theoretical dot structures in 1916. Today, these same dot structures are used to illustrate the chemical bonding nature of atoms. How did Lewis formulate these brilliantly simple representations of nature? The Lewis Dot Structures we know today actually derive their functionality from Lewis’ own model of the atom, the Theory of the Cubical Atom. This essay will explore the functionality of Lewis’ cubical atom and how this model led to the Lewis Dot Structures.…

2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)azepan-2-one (3a) is as follows. Strong coupling interaction of protons of 2nd and 4th position in 1-(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)azepan-2-one (3a), was not so strongly observed in COSY because it involves long range coupling i.e. protons attached between 2nd and 4th carbon atom. Hence, we studied NOESY to know the spacial interaction between these two protons. Thus, the NOESY of compound 1-(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl) azepan-2-one (3a)…

time. Contribution to the modern atomic theory the modern atomic theory states that most of an atom is empty space, an atom consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons, atoms contain subatomic particles, and the nucleus contains only protons and neutrons. Rutherford's ideas are present all throughout today's atomic model. The scientist that told us “Most of an atom is empty space” was Rutherford. He was also the one who suggested that electrons move in clouds. Though it being…

“Steel plates are commonly attached to each other with rivets, which are slipped into holes in the plates and rounded over with hammers. The hotness of the rivets makes them easier to round over, but their hotness has another important advantage in providing a tight fit. What is it? Explain why.” This relates to one of the characteristics of heat, in that heated objects expand, then contract when the temperature decreases, since the molecules move faster in heat and slow in the cold. The hot…