Renal physiology

was diagnosed with chronic renal failure. He also had an earlier acute kidney injury. After being seen by the nephrologist, he was referred to the dialysis unit for hemodialysis. In this scenario, the patient should learn to manage by himself his disease. Therefore, it is the nurse’s responsibility to…

Surgical management continues to be the primary approach (e.g. nephrectomy, or repair of the RAA and reconstruction of the renal artery). However, the alternative approach of angiographic embolization has become, in recent years, better known (Prabulos AM et al. 1997). Majority of RAA ruptures usually occur in the third trimester and have left-sided predominance (Cohen et al…

An electrolyte is an ionised component of a living cell, blood or any other matter and can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. There are many different electrolytes found in our body such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and so forth. Electrolytes have many functions throughout the body for instance controlling the water balance in the body. Also assisting transmitting nerve impulses and helping your muscles relax and contract. For example Sodium chloride which is also know by…

In order to survive under several environmental influences, animals must possess biological mechanisms which enable them to regulate and maintain their internal environment. Temperature is one of abiotic factors that are inexorably linked to every animal’s physiological functions since it is considered a strong source of selective pressure on animals (Miller, 2010). Animals are categorized into thermoregulators and thermoconformers based on their mechanisms to maintain their internal environment…

The Animal Welfare Act is a federal law that makes the minimum standards and regulations for animal testing. This law’s purpose is to provide the minimum protection for animals used for animal testing, but 95% of the animals used are completely excluded, receiving no protection. Meaning this law only protects 5% of animals used in tests. The AWA regulations are so limited that psychological, and physical cruelty and suffering of these animals has continued. This federal law conflicts with…

Basic Anatomy and Physiology 02/15/2016 Unit 1 Chapter 1*3 1. Describe homeostasis and give three specific examples in the human body. Homeostasis is a systems that helps regulates the body systems and maintains keeping it stable. It also determines that it is used to name processes within living organisms. It?s constantly used to apply which is automatic control systems also known as thermostats. Occasionally recommends a sensor to capture changes in the condition to be regulated by the…

Organ failure of one or more of the following; shock (systolic blood pressure < 90mm Hg), renal failure (serum creatinine>177 μmol/l or 2mg/dl after rehydration), pulmonary insufficiency (pao2500ml in 24 hours); 2. Local pancreatic complications such as pseudocyst, abscess or necrosis; 3. A score of 3 or more on Ranson’s criteria; 4. A score of 8 or more on acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II). Patients must meet one or more of the above four criteria to…

There are three common ethical concerns expressed regarding the quality of animal lives during animal testing. Animals should lead natural lives through the use of their natural adaptations and capabilities, should function well in terms of health and behavior , and should feel well and be free of pain and fear. Most scientists have “restricted conceptions of animal welfare that relate to only one concern”(Drummond) . We protect animals due to genetic conservation, environmental integrity ,…

A polygraph is a common instrument of measurement to calculate and document physiological aspects such as respiration rate, electrodermal activity, and heart rate. The relevant uses of measuring respiration rate as well as heart rate are quite common in a wide variety of applications. However, electrodermal activity and the galvanic skin response are not commonly measured things in places such as the medical field, or education. Electrodermal activity (EDA) refers to the variation of the…

The study of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy is the scientific term for the study of the body structure and physiology is the term for the study of the function of the body’s organs. During the class, we dissected a pig. We did it to compare the human body and its organ systems with the pig body because they are similar in function. We defined each system and the organs that belong to each one. In anatomy and physiology class we learn about the human body and its composition. To see and learn…