Renal physiology

Acute kidney failure “Acute kidney failure starts with the kidney(s) failure in the process of filtering waste products from the blood.” (Mayo Clinic staff, 2016). When the kidneys can no longer filter well enough, the wastes start to add up in the blood of the body and the blood levels become imbalanced. This can happen over a few days or in a short period of time. Acute kidney failure is very common in people who are already in the hospital or patients in intensive care units. “Causes of Acute…

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and raised creatinine levels were observed in his blood tests. Patient was referred from GP due to worsening of creatinine on a background of 2 months of increasing pedal oedema. Ultrasound scan showed no renal obstruction and a renal biopsy confirmed pANCA vasculitis. Urinalysis also confirmed presence of glucose, protein, nitrates and blood in urine. Patient was referred to another hospital for plasma exchange and other treatments. Background:…

Chronic Renal Failure As stated in this post chronic renal failure is a “slow progressive, irreversible loss in kidney function” (Silvestri, 2011). Chronic renal failure causes damages to all the major organs in the body. People affected by this disease usually have to get new kidneys from a donor or go to dialysis to be able to function. Many factors can cause the kidneys to shut down. Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the leading causes of renal failure. Other problems like hypertension,…

Goodpasture syndrome is classified as an autoimmune disease due to B and T-cell mediated responses that result in the patient’s body to development antibodies against its own normal tissue, specifically the basement membranes of the glomerulus (glomerular basement membranes) and of the lungs (alveolar basement membranes) More specifically, the antibodies are developed against the noncollagenous domain 1 of the alpha 3-chain of type IV collagen). The noncollagenous domain 1 alpha 3 chain of type…

Addison Disease Addison disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not make enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. The disease causes blood pressure to drop and potassium to build up to dangerous levels. If Addison disease is untreated, it can suddenly get worse and become life-threatening. A sudden worsening of the disease is called an addisonian crisis. CAUSES This condition may be caused by: A disease in which the body's own immune system damages the adrenal glands…

As Type-2 diabetes and high blood pressure continue to spate the world, the demand for kidney transplants is snowballing day by day. Because of a scarcity of organ donors to meet this requisite, stem cell treatment for kidney failure materialize as a hope to cure thousands of patients as a substitute treatment. How does a kidney failure occur? Our kidneys are designed to inhibit toxins build up in our bodies. Kidneys help confiscate lots of waste, cleaning our bodies from within so that no…

Canine Renal Dysplasia An autosomal-dominant disease characterized by delayed maturation of renal tissue. This leads to renal degeneration, protein-losing nephropathy and prolonged renal disease. A genetic predisposition is seen in the Bull terrier, Carin terrier and German Shepherd. Early onset of the disease is rare and is typically seen over the age of 5. The penetrance of Renal Dysplasia is low and small percentages are clinically affected. The percentage of fetal glomeruli…

hemodialysis, at first the change might be hard but it gets easier. Hemodialysis is not something anyone should ever have to go through. The toll it takes on your body and how much it drains the energy out of you is saddening. My uncle Alan actually had renal kidney failure and had to have hemodialysis. Growing up Alan smoked every day and drank every weekend; he didn’t take care of his body and all the destruction caught up to his kidneys. He was on hemodialysis for about five years before he…

are then distorted. However, with diabetic renal failure, if you maintain low blood sugar levels, you are able to escape the symptoms of renal failure. Kidney failure caused by hypertension can be stemmed from several things like inherent high blood pressure, obesity, etc. Depending on how high or low the blood pressure is maintained at, could cause digress to just taking blood pressure medications to progressing to become acute or chronic renal failure. As far as symptoms go, some…

Acute renal failure is the sudden dysfunction or disease of the kidneys that can significantly impair renal function within the body. According to Huether and McCance (2012), renal failure is characterized by enough of a decline of renal function to require dialysis. Renal failure is after renal risk and injury, but prior to renal loss and end-stage kidney disease (Huether & McCance, 2012, p755). The dysfunctions the lead to acute kidney failure can be caused due to sudden renal injuries or by…