hChemical kinetics deals with the rates of chemical processes. Any chemical process is considered to consist of number of one or more single-step step which are known as elementary reactions elementary processes or elementary steps. Elementary reactions may involve dissociation or isomerisation of a single reactant molecule, which is referred as unimolecular step. Also there may be a single collision between two molecules, which is referred as a bimolecular step. It should be noted that…
This report gives an information which is related to the reaction between acidified potassium iodide and hydrogen peroxide. Before calculating the rate of this reaction, the reaction will be carried out 3 times and values will be got. A special timer will be used to measure the time. It could be expected and argued that each time will be able differ from the others in each reaction and it can be explained by changing the quantity of hydrogen peroxide. At the final, it will be obviously observed…
Discussion The results of this experiment for the hypotonic treatment group did support the tested hypothesis that urine production rate should increase, while salt concentration and specific gravity of urine should decrease for this group. For the isotonic treatment group, the tested hypothesis was supported in that the specific gravity and salt concentration went up slightly, but was not supported in that the the urine production rate did not greatly increase over time. The findings for the…
Gallium is one of those elements that is used in industry every day. Gallium was discovered in Paris at the private laboratory of Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1831-1912) at 3 a.m. on August, 1875. He observed a new violet line in the atomic spectrum of some zinc he had extracted from a sample of zinc blende ore (ZnS) from the Pyrenees. He knew it meant that an unknown element was present. Gallium comes from Gallia, the Latin name for France. Gallium also has origins in the Latin word Gallus.…
electrolysis of (KOH). The scientist used the same method to isolate sodium. KCI is the mineral that potassium can be obtained from. Caustic potash is a vital source of potassium that can be obtained in Germany, New Mexico, California, and Utah. Potassium is classified as a soft, waxy metal. If it is combined with oxygen it forms potassium superoxide and with water to form potassium hydroxide. If potassium is formed with sodium it can be used as a medium heat transfer. Davy’s experiments led him…
To start this laboratory experiment, we first collected all the materials necessary including multiple beakers, samples of each solution, metal strips, a salt bridge, alligator clips, and an abrasive sponge. Then 10 mL of CuSO4(aq) and 10 mL of ZnSO4(aq) were placed into separate 250 mL beakers. A copper strip was then placed in the beaker containing CuSO4(aq) and a zinc strip was placed into the beaker with ZnSO4(aq). The two beakers were connected by a salt bridge that consisted of a string…
Paracrine Signaling Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called paracrine signals. Paracrine signals move by diffusion through the extracellular matrix. These types of signals usually elicit quick responses that last only a short amount of time. In order to keep the response localized, paracrine ligand molecules are normally quickly degraded by enzymes or removed by neighboring cells. Removing the signals will reestablish the concentration gradient for the signal,…
potential of Neuron A (presynaptic neuron) reaches -60mV the sodium and potassium channels in the neuron open at the beginning of the axon. The influx of positive sodium ions into the cell makes the inside of the cell more positive and leaves the outside of the cell more negative. The cell is at rest at -70mV and as it gets more positive, it reaches threshold (gets more excited). This change in electrical potential also excites neighboring sodium and potassium channels to open up in a chain…
the percentage by weight of a specific fatty acid. The Acid value is defined as the mg of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralize the free acids present in 1 g of oil. In this experiment, the researchers used chemicals and reagents such as ethanol, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Phenolphthalein Indicator. Laboratory Apparatuses and Equipment such as 250ml beakers, Buchner funnel, 10ml buret, 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks, coconut oil sample, filter paper, 100ml graduated cylinder, volumetric pipette,…
It is well known that all organisms require at least some water to survive, even the most hardy creature on the planet earth, the tardigrade, Hypsibius dujardini, which can survive near complete dehydration, exposure to extreme radiation, vacuum, temperature and pressure, must be rejuvenated with water if it is to resume life after near complete desiccation (Gabriel, et al. 2007). H. dujardini, famous for surviving some of the harshest conditions of any organism we know of, is a perfect example…